[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-40228-en":3,"doc-seo-40228-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},40228,1649267921044,"Ava Thompson","https://us-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/1800007509477c92dfb?_k=1782875107921204101",8,"Research & Report","Climate Change and the Vulnerable Occupied Palestinian Territories","Climate change responses centered on mitigation and adaptation must both advance, since greenhouse-gas reduction can lessen severe impacts while adaptation is required for harms that cannot be avoided. Under ongoing Israeli occupation, Palestinians in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT) are restricted from accessing resources needed to repair infrastructure or prepare for climate effects. This Comment highlights Palestinian voices and experiences, analyzing environmental, political, legal, and humanitarian consequences of climate change on Palestinians in the OPT.","UCLA  \nUCLA Journal of Environmental Law and Policy  \nTitle  \nClimate Change and the Vulnerable Occupied Palestinian Territories  \nPermalink  \n[https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5tf728m4](https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5tf728m4)  \nJournal  \nUCLA Journal of Environmental Law and Policy, 39(1)  \nAuthor  \nFreij, Lena  \nPublication Date  \n2021  \nDOI  \n10.5070/L5391052536  \nCopyright Information  \nCopyright 2021 by the author(s) . All rights reserved unless otherwise indicated. Contact the author(s) for any necessary permissions. Learn more at [https://escholarship.org/terms](https://escholarship.org/terms)  \n[eScholarship.org](eScholarship.org) Powered by the California Digital Library  \nUniversity of California  \nClimate Change and the Vulnerable Occupied Palestinian Territories  \nLena Freij  \nAbstract  \nTwo of the most commonly discussed responses to climate change are mitigation and adaptation. It is necessary that the world continues to mitigate greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to prevent the most severe effects of climate change, but it is just as important that adaptation measures are implemented to prepare for the unmitigable effects. With the ongoing Israeli occupation—now reaching its fifty-third year—Palestinians in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT) are prohibited from accessing resources and pursuing necessary measures to repair their existing infrastructure or prepare for the environmental effects of climate change. As such, this Comment shedslight on the Palestinian voice, struggle, and experience while examining climate impacts under occupation by analyzing the environmental, political, legal, and humanitarian impacts of climate change on Palestinians in the OPT.  \nAbout the Author  \nLena Freij is a Palestinian American and third-year student at UCLA Law School with a specialization in Environmental Law. Lena has a degree in Environmental Science and Policy from California State University, Long Beach. Lena would like to thank Professors Cara Horowitz and Harjot Kaur for their guidance and feedback, as well as her mother and favorite editor, Jane Freij. This Comment is dedicated to her Palestinian family and all families living under military occupation.  \nTable of Contents  \nIntroduction ........................................................................................................ 66  \nI. The Occupation .......................................................................................... 68  \nII. Climate Impacts in Palestine ................................................................... 70  \nA. Aquifers and Water Quality ................................................................. 70  \nB. Agriculture............................................................................................. 73  \nC. Exacerbation of Political Conflict ....................................................... 74  \nIII. Existing Authorities ................................................................................. 75  \n© 2021 Lena Freij  \n66 JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW V39:1  \nIV. Current Climate Change Planning ...................................................... 78  \nA. Efforts by Palestine ............................................................................... 78  \nB. Efforts by the International Community ............................................ 80  \nV. Palestine’s Restricted Adaptive Capacity ............................................ 82  \nA. Israel’s Discriminatory Practices ......................................................... 82  \nB. Monetary Constraints and Need for Additional International Support .................................................................................................. 84  \nVI. Looking Toward the Future .................................................................... 86  \nA. Government of Israel............................................................................ 86  \nB. Palestinian Authority .....................................","cbCaiktVl2osnqcZ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiktVl2osnqcZ","pdf",536460,5,1,25,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## The Occupation\n## Climate Impacts in Palestine\n## Existing Authorities\n## Current Climate Change Planning\n## Palestine’s Restricted Adaptive Capacity\n## Looking Toward the Future\n# Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"Why are both mitigation and adaptation necessary in addressing climate change?\",\"answer\":\"Mitigation is needed to reduce greenhouse gases and prevent the most severe impacts, while adaptation measures must be implemented to prepare for effects that cannot be fully mitigated.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the Israeli occupation affect Palestinians’ ability to respond to climate change in the OPT?\",\"answer\":\"The occupation restricts access to resources, limiting Palestinians’ capacity to repair existing infrastructure and to prepare for environmental impacts of climate change.\"},{\"question\":\"What dimensions does the Comment use to examine climate impacts on Palestinians under occupation?\",\"answer\":\"It analyzes environmental, political, legal, and humanitarian impacts of climate change on Palestinians in the OPT.\"}]",1783307016,63,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":28},"climate-change-and-the-vulnerable-occupied-palestinian-territories","",{"@graph":36,"@context":86},[37,54,69],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/climate-change-and-the-vulnerable-occupied-palestinian-territories/40228/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-15","2026-07-06",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"Why are both mitigation and adaptation necessary in addressing climate change?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"Mitigation is needed to reduce greenhouse gases and prevent the most severe impacts, while adaptation measures must be implemented to prepare for effects that cannot be fully mitigated.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"How does the Israeli occupation affect Palestinians’ ability to respond to climate change in the OPT?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"The occupation restricts access to resources, limiting Palestinians’ capacity to repair existing infrastructure and to prepare for environmental impacts of climate change.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"What dimensions does the Comment use to examine climate impacts on Palestinians under occupation?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"It analyzes environmental, political, legal, and humanitarian impacts of climate change on Palestinians in the OPT.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":88,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":90,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":93},[94,98,102,106,110,115,120,123,128,131,135],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":95,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":97},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":20,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]