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Systematic studies, including in vulvar cancer, are needed to determine whether claudin 18.2-directed strategies could benefit patients with vulvar neoplasia.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/claudins-in-vulvar-cancer-from-epithelial-barrier-to-potential-tumor-agnostic-cancer-therapy/340811/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/claudins-in-vulvar-cancer-from-epithelial-barrier-to-potential-tumor-agnostic-cancer-therapy/340811.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Ophelia","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",9,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is the main focus regarding claudins in vulvar cancer?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The document discusses claudin expression in vulvar pathology and highlights claudin 18.2 as a clinically relevant target for potential tumor-agnostic therapy.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"Why is claudin 18.2 considered therapeutically relevant?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Because the claudin 18.2 antibody zolbetuximab has shown significant therapeutic benefits, making claudin 18.2 expression important to evaluate in other cancers including vulvar neoplasia.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What have studies found about claudin expression patterns in vulvar lesions?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Studies cited report differences in specific claudins between lichen sclerosus and vulvar squamous cell carcinoma, including loss of claudin 7 and 11 expression and altered staining intensities for certain claudin 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barrier to potential tumor-agnostic cancer therapy  \nGilbert Georg Klamminger a,b, Annick Bitterlicha, Meletios P. Nigdelisc, Martin Ertza, Kim Yoo-Jina,d, Annette Hasenburgb, and Mathias Wagnera  \naDepartment of General and Special Pathology, Saarland University (USAAR) and Saarland University Medical Center (UKS), Homburg, Germany; bDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; cDepartment of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center (UKS), Homburg, Germany; dDepartment of Pathology, Institute for Pathology GbR Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany  \nABSTRACT  \nThe immunohistochemical expression of various members of the claudin family has already been studied in pathological affections of the vulva whether to differentiate precancerous lesions from vulvar squamous cell carcinoma or in inflammatory conditions such as lichen sclerosus. From anoncological perspective, however, immunohistochemical analysis of claudin 18.2 protein expression has become increasingly clinically relevant nowadays since the impressive therapeutic benefits of the claudin 18.2 antibody zolbetuximab have been widely recognized. Systematic studies evaluating its expression, including in vulvar cancer, are needed to understand whether such treatment strategies may eventually benefit patients with vulvar neoplasia.  \nARTICLE HISTORY  \nReceived 10 December 2024 Accepted 15 December 2024  \nKEYWORDS  \nClaudin; claudin 18.2; immunohistochemistry; squamous cell carcinoma; tight junctions; vulvar cancer  \nClaudins in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva  \nIt was not only due to the scientific paradigm shift away from transcription factors and tyrosine kinases that claudins 1 – as a component of tight junctions (TJ) not only responsible for paracellular diffusion and the adapting cell membrane permeability but also the most fundamental property of epithelia, namely the cohesion of a cell formation of polar cell forms2,3 – became the focus of increasing interest in oncological and histomorphological research. Hereby, especially the claudins 3, 4, 6 and 18.2 have become the main focus of oncological research since their expression across different tumor entities is a necessary prerequisite fora potential tumor-agnostic, pan-cancer treatment within the area of personalized medicine.4–7 Scilicet, to date, at least some family members of the total 26 human claudin proteins have been tested in a gyneco-oncological context, whether for the detection of precancerous cervical lesions or the potential risk stratification of solid nongastric neoplasms.3,6,8,9  \nRegarding the clinical impact ofclaudin expression even within squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva (VSCC), Sadalla et al. addressed the question of potentially differing expression patterns of certain claudin family members (claudin 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 11) in vulvar lesions already in 2011, when examining vulvar samples with lichen sclerosus (LS), isolated squamous cell carcinoma (n = 15) and non-affected controls. They determined a loss ofclaudin 7 and 11 expression and, therefore, a significant difference in protein expression within LS and VSCC in comparison to the respective control group (p = 0.013 and p = 0.001; chi-square test). Other claudins tested did not show significantly different expression between the groups; within this study cohort, they showed positive expression in VSCC in 66.7%(claudin 3 and claudin 4) to 86.7%(claudin 1).10 Following on from this, Riski et al. examined the expression of different claudin members (1, 3 M, 3S, 4, 5 and 7) in precancerous vulvar lesions (vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, VIN) and VSCC (n = 49) taking into account both membranous and cytoplasmatic staining patterns. They reported different staining intensities within neoplastic affections, especially for claudin 3 M in VIN I lesio","cbCaieB7oNXgY56a","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieB7oNXgY56a","pdf",1227016,"English","# Abstract\n# Claudins in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva\n## Prior studies on claudin expression\n## Clinical relevance and claudin 18.2 therapeutic context","[{\"question\":\"What is the main focus regarding claudins in vulvar cancer?\",\"answer\":\"The document discusses claudin expression in vulvar pathology and highlights claudin 18.2 as a clinically relevant target for potential tumor-agnostic therapy.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is claudin 18.2 considered therapeutically relevant?\",\"answer\":\"Because the claudin 18.2 antibody zolbetuximab has shown significant therapeutic benefits, making claudin 18.2 expression important to evaluate in other cancers including vulvar neoplasia.\"},{\"question\":\"What have studies found about claudin expression patterns in vulvar lesions?\",\"answer\":\"Studies cited report differences in specific claudins between lichen sclerosus and vulvar squamous cell carcinoma, including loss of claudin 7 and 11 expression and altered staining intensities for certain claudin variants.\"}]","Claudins in vulvar cancer - from epithelial barrier to potential tumor-agnostic cancer therapy | PDF",1790038967,13]