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This data analysis investigates the emergence of argumentation literacy in a Socratic circle, using discourse analysis on video from a high school classroom. Findings show that exploratory talk produces three argumentation-aligned discourse patterns: generalizations, communicative struggles, and co-construction of ideas, informing dialogic teaching theory and instruction.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/classroom-community-and-discourse-how-argumentation-emerges-during-a-socratic-circle/600778/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/classroom-community-and-discourse-how-argumentation-emerges-during-a-socratic-circle/600778.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"dhado","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-01","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the purpose of the analysis in this paper?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The analysis investigates how argumentation literacy practices emerge during a Socratic circle, focusing on counterargument, rebuttal, and evaluation of claims.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What method is used to study argumentation during the Socratic circle?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Discourse analysis is applied to a video of a high school classroom to examine how argumentation emerges through classroom dialogue.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What three discourse patterns are found through exploratory talk?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The study identifies three patterns aligned with argumentation practices: generalizations, communicative struggles, and co-construction of ideas.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},600778,1792144890,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},5909893218464,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","ISSN: 2325-3290 (online)  \nClassroom Community and Discourse:  \nHow Argumentation Emerges during a Socratic Circle  \nAlexis Carmela Brown  \nUniversity of Victoria, Canada  \n\n| Abstract\u003Cbr>Literacy and language development is a central aspect of educational theory and practice. One area of literacy and rowlanguage research that has had a lot of attention is dialogic teaching (Bakhtin, 1984; Freire, 1970; Murphey, Wilkinson, Soter, Hennessey, & Alexander, 2009; Reznitskaya & Gregory, 2013). However, there is limited research on how high school students use their classroom discourse to construct meaning, especially in argumentation. The purpose of this data analysis is to investigate the emergence of argumentation literacy in a Socratic circle. Socratic circles, a literacy practice consisting of two concentric circles of students focused around a piece of text, are used to provide students with the opportunity to co-construct meaning through classroom dialogue (Copeland, 2005). The emergence and construction of argumentation is analyzed by applying discourse analysis to a video of a high school classroom,. Findings from this analysis reveal that through the use of exploratory talk, three discourse patterns emerge that are in line with argumentation practices: (1) generalizations, (2) communicative struggles, and (3) coconstruction of ideas. Results of the analysis are discussed to inform theory and instruction on dialogic teaching and the use of Socratic circles to develop argumentation-related forms of literacy.\u003Cbr>Keywords: dialogic teaching, exploratory talk, literacy, adolescents, argumentation, Socratic circles\u003Cbr>Alexis Carmela Brown is a PhD student in the department of Curriculum and Instruction at the University of Victoria, with a focus is in Language and Literacy. She is also a high school teacher and has worked in urban, rural and alternative classroom settings. Her research topics of interest include dialogic pedagogy, socio-cultural theory, critical literacies, and content-area literacy instruction for adolescents and marginalized youth. |\n| --- |\n| Acknowledgements\u003Cbr>I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the editors and peer reviewers who provided insightful and constructive feedback, opened up a dialogue, and encouraged me throughout the revising process. I would also like to thank Deborah Begoray and Sylvia Pantaleo who provided me with invaluable feedback as I worked through this manuscript. Finally, I would like to acknowledge and thank Wolff-Michael Roth for his endless support and encouragement during the analysis and writing process. |\n\nDialogic Pedagogy: An International Online Journal | [http://dpj.pitt.edu](http://dpj.pitt.edu)  \n[DOI: 10.5195/dpj](DOI: 10.5195/dpj).2016.160 | Vol. 4 (2016)  \nA81  \nClassroom community and discourse: How argumentation emerges during a Socratic circle  \nAlexis Carmela Brown  \nIntroduction  \nTeaching critical literacy skills such as argumentation is fundamental to the purpose of student learning because these skills allow for students’civic participation in a democratic society. Researchers in the area of language and literacy have stressed the importance of discussion and dialogue to the formation of critical literacy skills such as argumentation (Abrami et al. , 2015; Daniel & Gagnon, 2011; Jonassen & Kim, 2010; Reznitskaya & Gregory, 2013) . Specifically, dialogic education, which emphasizes that students’voices are equal to teachers’voices in knowledge creation, is linked to critical literacy development through empowerment and engagement in learning (Alexander, 2008; Fecho et al. , 2012; Mercer & Howe, 2012) . Recent studies on dialogic teaching and argumentation practices in the high school setting are primarily focused on students’ability to provide evidence in support of a claim (Reznitskaya et al. , 2008; Styslinger & Overstreet, 2014; Zhang & Lu, 2014) . Scholars argue that the focus on students’ability to provide evidence is the cornerstone to successfu","cbCaif8iATn4gLfT","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaif8iATn4gLfT","pdf",4580044,17,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Literature Review\n## Dialogic Teaching and Exploratory Talk","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of the analysis in this paper?\",\"answer\":\"The analysis investigates how argumentation literacy practices emerge during a Socratic circle, focusing on counterargument, rebuttal, and evaluation of claims.\"},{\"question\":\"What method is used to study argumentation during the Socratic circle?\",\"answer\":\"Discourse analysis is applied to a video of a high school classroom to examine how argumentation emerges through classroom dialogue.\"},{\"question\":\"What three discourse patterns are found through exploratory talk?\",\"answer\":\"The study identifies three patterns aligned with argumentation practices: generalizations, communicative struggles, and co-construction of ideas.\"}]","Classroom Community and Discourse - How Argumentation Emerges during a Socratic Circle | PDF",1792091367,43]