[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-336598-105":59,"doc-detail-336598-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","circrna-as-an-achilles-heel-of-cancer-characterization-biomarker-and-therapeutic-modalities","CircRNA as an Achilles heel of cancer - Characterization - Biomarker and Therapeutic Modalities","","Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are endogenous noncoding RNAs defined by covalently closed structures lacking 5′ caps and 3′ poly(A) tails. Their high abundance, remarkable stability, and tissue-specific expression make them detectable in liquid biopsy samples such as plasma, supporting their value as cancer diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. CircRNAs influence tumor proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance via mechanisms including parental gene modulation, transcriptional regulation, miRNA sponging, and protein encoding.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/circrna-as-an-achilles-heel-of-cancer-characterization-biomarker-and-therapeutic-modalities/336598/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/circrna-as-an-achilles-heel-of-cancer-characterization-biomarker-and-therapeutic-modalities/336598.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Ezra","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What are circular RNAs (circRNAs) and what structural features define them?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"CircRNAs are endogenous noncoding RNAs with covalently closed structures that lack 5′ caps and 3′ poly(A) tails. 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Journal of Translational Medicine (2024) 22:752  \n[https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-024-05562-4](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-024-05562-4)  \nJournal of Translational Medicine  \n REVIEW Open Access  \nCircRNA as an Achilles heel of cancer: characterization, biomarker and therapeutic modalities  \nJun Zhang1†, Zai Luo1*†, Yang Zheng1†, Mingyu Duan2, Zhengjun Qiu1 and Chen Huang1*  \nAbstract  \nCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of endogenous noncoding RNAs characterized by their lack of 5′ caps and 3′ poly(A) tails. These molecules have garnered substantial attention from the scientific community. A wide range of circRNA types has been found to be expressed in various tissues ofthe human body, exhibiting unique characteristics such as high abundance, remarkable stability, and tissue-specific expression patterns. These attributes, along with their detectability in liquid biopsy samples such as plasma, position circRNAs an ideal choice as cancer diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Additionally, several studies have reported that the functions of circRNAs are associated with tumor proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. They achieve this through various mechanisms, including modulation of parental gene expression, regulation of gene transcription, acting as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, and encoding functional proteins. In recent years, a large number of studies have focused on synthesizing circRNAs in vitro and delivering them to tumor tissue to exert its effects in inhibit tumor progression. Herein, we briefly discuss the biogenesis, characteristics, functions, and detection of circRNAs, emphasizing their clinical potential as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. We also provide an overview the recent techniques for synthesizing circRNAs and delivery strategies, and outline the application of engineered circRNAs in clinical cancer therapy.  \nKeywords circRNA, Cancer, Biomarker, Therapy  \nIntroduction  \nCircRNAs are a novel class of RNAs characterized by covalently closed structures without 5′ caps and 3′ poly(A) tails. The first circRNA was discovered in viruses  \n†Jun Zhang, Zai Luo, Yang Zheng contributed equally to this work.  \n*Correspondence:  \nZai Luo [lz19950428@sjtu.edu.cn](lz19950428@sjtu.edu.cn)[ ](lz19950428@sjtu.edu.cn)Chen Huang [huangchen0204@sjtu.edu.cn](huangchen0204@sjtu.edu.cn)  \n1 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200080, China  \n2 Department of Education, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 650 Xinsongjiang Road, Songjiang District, Shanghai 201600, China  \nseveral decades ago but they initially received little attention [1, 2]. Although a handful of circRNAs were found afterwards, they were considered errors in RNA splicing with limited function [1, 3, 4]. With the advancements of RNA deep sequencing technology and dedicated bioinformatics algorithms, an increasing number of circRNAshave been reported in eukaryotic cells, especially in the mammalian brain [5, 6]. CircRNAs have been implicated in various diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, especially cancer [7–11]. Studies have shown that circRNA exhibit aberrant expression patterns in multiple cancers [12–14]. Research has also revealed the high abundance, remarkable stability, and tissue-specific expression patterns of circRNA in vivo, which can be detected and quantified using RT‒qPCR, ddPCR, Northern Blotting,  \n© The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you ","cbCaif4FEcyVFAKM","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaif4FEcyVFAKM","pdf",1892081,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What are circular RNAs (circRNAs) and what structural features define them?\",\"answer\":\"CircRNAs are endogenous noncoding RNAs with covalently closed structures that lack 5′ caps and 3′ poly(A) tails. These features distinguish them from linear RNAs.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are circRNAs considered useful as cancer diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers?\",\"answer\":\"They show high abundance, remarkable stability, and tissue-specific expression, and they can be detected in liquid biopsy samples such as plasma. These properties support their biomarker potential for diagnosis and prognosis.\"},{\"question\":\"Through what mechanisms can circRNAs affect cancer progression and therapy response?\",\"answer\":\"CircRNAs are linked to tumor proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. They act through mechanisms such as modulation of parental gene expression, regulation of transcription, miRNA sponging, and encoding functional proteins.\"}]","CircRNA as an Achilles heel of cancer - Characterization - Biomarker and Therapeutic Modalities | PDF",1790015790]