[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-380223-105":59,"doc-detail-380223-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","cilia-and-cancer-from-molecular-genetics-to-therapeutic-strategies","Cilia and Cancer: From Molecular Genetics to Therapeutic Strategies","","Cilia are microtubule-based organelles on the cell surface that coordinate motility and sensing. Primary cilia act as antennae to detect and transduce extracellular signals, and they regulate proliferation by mediating cell-extrinsic cues and controlling cell-cycle entry. Evidence also links primary cilia to autophagy and genome stability, processes central to oncogenesis. Dysregulated cilia can promote or suppress cancer depending on initiating mutations, with cilia presence associated with specific cancer types.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/cilia-and-cancer-from-molecular-genetics-to-therapeutic-strategies/380223/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/cilia-and-cancer-from-molecular-genetics-to-therapeutic-strategies/380223.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Maya Linwood","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-25","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What roles do primary cilia play in cellular signaling and proliferation?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Primary cilia sense and transduce extracellular signals, and they control proliferation by mediating cell-extrinsic signals and regulating cell-cycle entry.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How are primary cilia linked to cancer development?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Primary cilia and cilia-associated proteins influence autophagy and genome stability. Abnormal cilia functions can either promote or suppress cancers, and cilia presence correlates with specific cancer types.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does this review approach the relationship between cilia and oncogenesis?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The review discusses how known and predicted functions of primary cilia and cilia-associated proteins contribute to promoting or inhibiting oncogenesis, along with related clinical implications.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},380223,1790523285,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962084928432,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Review  \nCilia and Cancer: From Molecular Genetics to Therapeutic Strategies  \nPietro Carotenuto 1,2, *, Sergio A. Gradilone 3,4 and Brunella Franco 1,2,5, *  \nCitation: Carotenuto, P.; Gradilone, S.A.; Franco, B. Cilia and Cancer: From Molecular Genetics to Therapeutic Strategies. Genes 2023, 14, 1428. [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)genes14071428  \nAcademic Editor: Taichiro Goto  \nReceived: 7 June 2023  \nRevised: 7 July 2023  \nAccepted: 9 July 2023  \nPublished: 11 July 2023  \nCopyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples “Federico II”,  \n80131 Naples, Italy  \n2 TIGEM, Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, 80078 Naples, Italy  \n3 The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA; [sgradilo@umn.edu](sgradilo@umn.edu)  \n4 Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA  \n5 School of Advanced Studies, Genomic and Experimental medicine Program (Scuola Superiore Meridionale), 80138 Naples, Italy  \n* [Correspondence: p.carotenuto@tigem.it](Correspondence: p.carotenuto@tigem.it) (P.C.); [franco@tigem.it](franco@tigem.it) (B.F.)  \nAbstract: Cilia are microtubule-based organelles that project from the cell surface with motility or sensory functions. Primary cilia work as antennae to sense and transduce extracellular signals. Cilia critically control proliferation by mediating cell-extrinsic signals and by regulating cell cycle entry. Recent studies have shown that primary cilia and their associated proteins also function in autophagy and genome stability, which are important players in oncogenesis. Abnormal functions of primary cilia may contribute to oncogenesis. Indeed, defective cilia can either promote or suppress cancers, depending on the cancer-initiating mutation, and the presence or absence of primary cilia is associated with specific cancer types. Together, these findings suggest that primary cilia play important, but distinct roles in different cancer types, opening up a completely new avenue of research to understand the biology and treatment of cancers. In this review, we discuss the roles of primary cilia in promoting or inhibiting oncogenesis based on the known or predicted functions of cilia and cilia-associated proteins in several key processes and related clinical implications.  \nKeywords: cilia; ciliome; cancer; ciliogenesis  \n1. Introduction  \nThe surface of most eukaryotic cells is characterized by the presence of organelles with important motility and signaling hub functions: the cilia. These evolutionarily conserved extracellular structures project from the cell membrane to generate motility or function in cellular signaling [1] .  \nCilia consist of a dynamic structure, essentially composed of two functional units:(a) the basal body (BB), which forms the base of the cilium; (b) the axoneme, a protrusion that is anchored to the BB and extends out of the cell (Figure 1) . The BB, a barrel-like microtubular structure located near the cell surface, forms the base of the cilium and arises from the mother centriole of the centrosome [2] . The centrosome as the major microtubuleorganizing center of cells is involved in cell shape, polarity, and motility and has a crucial role in cell division [3,4] . The axoneme is the skeleton of the ciliary shaft. The cilium axoneme is characterized by a microtubule-based structure composed of nine microtubule doublets, anchored to the cell through a BB (Figure 1) [2,4] .  \nTraditionally, vertebrate cilia have been classified on the basis of their axoneme structure into motile cilia (MCs) and pr","cbCaikfaGlxmN3ac","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikfaGlxmN3ac","pdf",873728,27,"English","# Introduction\n## Cilia structure and functional units\n## Classification of motile and primary cilia\n# Regulation of ciliogenesis","[{\"question\":\"What roles do primary cilia play in cellular signaling and proliferation?\",\"answer\":\"Primary cilia sense and transduce extracellular signals, and they control proliferation by mediating cell-extrinsic signals and regulating cell-cycle entry.\"},{\"question\":\"How are primary cilia linked to cancer development?\",\"answer\":\"Primary cilia and cilia-associated proteins influence autophagy and genome stability. Abnormal cilia functions can either promote or suppress cancers, and cilia presence correlates with specific cancer types.\"},{\"question\":\"How does this review approach the relationship between cilia and oncogenesis?\",\"answer\":\"The review discusses how known and predicted functions of primary cilia and cilia-associated proteins contribute to promoting or inhibiting oncogenesis, along with related clinical implications.\"}]","Cilia and Cancer: From Molecular Genetics to Therapeutic Strategies | PDF",1790239284,68]