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In cancer, CBX disorder can disrupt developmental signaling by blocking or aberrantly activating developmental pathways, driving tumor occurrence, development, and progression. This review introduces CBX characteristics, analyzes CBX expression across cancers and links with grade, stage, metastasis, relapse, and prognosis, and details mechanisms governing proliferation, self-renewal, apoptosis, and malignant traits. It also highlights therapeutic strategies targeting CBXs, providing a foundation for future research.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/chromobox-proteins-in-cancer-multifaceted-functions-and-strategies-for-modulation-review/380870/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/chromobox-proteins-in-cancer-multifaceted-functions-and-strategies-for-modulation-review/380870.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"CatatanPagi","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What are chromobox (CBX) proteins and what roles do they play in cancer?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"CBX proteins are epigenetic regulators involved in embryonic development, stem cell characteristics, and control of cell proliferation and apoptosis. In cancer, CBX dysfunction can promote tumor occurrence and progression by altering developmental pathway activity.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does the review describe links between CBXs and clinical outcomes?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The review discusses CBX expression patterns in cancers and their relationships with clinical characteristics such as cancer grade, stage, metastasis, relapse, and prognosis.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Which mechanisms are highlighted for how CBXs regulate tumor biological processes?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The review summarizes CBX regulation through epigenetic modification, nuclear translocation, noncoding RNA interactions, transcriptional regulation, posttranslational modifications, protein-protein interactions, signal transduction, and metabolic reprogramming.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},380870,1791324637,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},962090894170,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 62: 36, 2023  \nChromobox proteins in cancer: Multifaceted functions and strategies for modulation (Review)  \nJIAN WANG 1 , BO YANG2 , XIUHANG ZHANG3 , SHUHAN LIU 1 , XIAOQIANG PAN 1 , CHANGKAI MA 1 , SHIQIANG MA 1 , DEHAI YU4 and WEI WU 1  \nDepartments of 1Neurovascular Surgery, 2Thoracic Surgery and 3Burn Surgery; 4Public Research Platform, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China  \nReceived November 23, 2022; Accepted January 23, 2023  \nDOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5484  \nAbstract. Chromobox (CBX) proteins are important epigenetic regulatory proteins and are widely involved in biological processes, such as embryonic development, the maintenance of stem cell characteristics and the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Disorder and dysfunction of CBXs in cancer usually lead to the blockade or ectoptic activation of developmental pathways, promoting the occur‑ rence, development and progression of cancer. In the present review, the characteristics and functions of CBXs were first introduced. Subsequently, the expression of CBXs in cancersand the relationship between CBXs and clinical characteris‑ tics (mainly cancer grade, stage, metastasis and relapse) and prognosis were discussed. Finally, it was described how CBXs regulate cell proliferation and self‑renewal, apoptosis and the acquisition of malignant phenotypes, such as invasion, migra‑ tion and chemoresistance, through mechanisms involving epigenetic modification, nuclear translocation, noncoding RNA interactions, transcriptional regulation, posttranslational modifications, protein‑protein interactions, signal transduc‑ tion and metabolic reprogramming. The study also focused on cancer therapies targeting CBXs. The present review provides new insight and a comprehensive basis for follow‑up research on CBXs and cancer.  \nCorrespondence to: Professor Wei Wu, Department of Neurovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China  \nE‑[mail: wu_w@jlu.edu.cn](mail: wu_w@jlu.edu.cn)  \nProfessor Dehai Yu, Public Research Platform, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China  \nE‑mail: [yudehai@jlu.edu.cn](yudehai@jlu.edu.cn)  \nKey words: chromobox, cancer, chromatin modification, biomarker, cancer therapy  \nContents  \n1. Introduction  \n2. Constituent members of CBXs  \n3. Characteristics and functions of PcG family CBXs  \n4. Characteristics and functions of HP1 family CBXs  \n5. Expression of CBXs in cancers and the relationship between CBXs and clinical characteristics and prognosis  \n6. CBXs regulate biological tumor processes through epigenetic modification, nuclear translocation, ncRNA interactions, transcriptional regulation, PTMs, protein‑ protein interactions, signal transduction and metabolic reprogramming  \n7. Cancer therapies targeting CBXs  \n8. Conclusion and prospects  \n1. Introduction  \nIn 1978, Lewis (1) discovered the polycomb group (PcG) protein in Drosophila melanogaster, which controls recog‑ nition, differentiation and the somatotype in these flies . Subsequently, the PcG protein was identified in all meta‑ zoans and indicated to exhibit a high degree of evolutionary conservation (2); this protein regulates a variety of biological processes during embryonic development, such as cell fate and lineage determination, cell memory, stem cell function and tissue homeostasis (3‑5) . In 1986, the heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) protein was discovered in Drosophila melanogaster. HP1 is a nonhistone chromosome protein that mediates gene silencing through heterochromatin formation and structural maintenance (6,7) . Chromobox (CBX) proteins are important members of the PcG protein family and HP1 protein family. Forming a class of epigenetic regulators, CBXs are extensively involved in various biological processes, including embryonic development, the maintenance of stem cell characteristics, the reg","cbCaijEhwMFbK5aC","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijEhwMFbK5aC","pdf",876821,25,"English","# Introduction\n# Constituent members of CBXs\n# Characteristics and functions of PcG family CBXs\n# Characteristics and functions of HP1 family CBXs\n# Expression of CBXs in cancers and the relationship with clinical characteristics and prognosis\n# Mechanisms: epigenetic modification, nuclear translocation, ncRNA interactions, transcriptional regulation, PTMs, protein-protein interactions, signal transduction and metabolic reprogramming\n# Cancer therapies targeting CBXs\n# Conclusion and prospects","[{\"question\":\"What are chromobox (CBX) proteins and what roles do they play in cancer?\",\"answer\":\"CBX proteins are epigenetic regulators involved in embryonic development, stem cell characteristics, and control of cell proliferation and apoptosis. In cancer, CBX dysfunction can promote tumor occurrence and progression by altering developmental pathway activity.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the review describe links between CBXs and clinical outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"The review discusses CBX expression patterns in cancers and their relationships with clinical characteristics such as cancer grade, stage, metastasis, relapse, and prognosis.\"},{\"question\":\"Which mechanisms are highlighted for how CBXs regulate tumor biological processes?\",\"answer\":\"The review summarizes CBX regulation through epigenetic modification, nuclear translocation, noncoding RNA interactions, transcriptional regulation, posttranslational modifications, protein-protein interactions, signal transduction, and metabolic reprogramming.\"}]","Chromobox proteins in cancer - Multifaceted functions and strategies for modulation - Review | PDF",1790242523,63]