[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-590333-105":59,"doc-detail-590333-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","choosing-schools-choosing-safety-how-multiple-dimensions-of-safety-shape-school-choices-article-summary","Choosing Schools, Choosing Safety - How Multiple Dimensions of Safety Shape School Choices - Article Summary","","School choice programs have expanded over the past decades, yet research has not thoroughly quantified how safety considerations influence families’ real school selections. Using New York City high school application data, the study examines multiple dimensions of safety in families’ decision-making beyond academics, demographics, and geography. Findings show families screen out schools linked to higher neighborhood and school violence, disorder, and bullying, and account for school security measures such as metal detectors. Safety priorities vary by race and academic background.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/choosing-schools-choosing-safety-how-multiple-dimensions-of-safety-shape-school-choices-article-summary/590333/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/choosing-schools-choosing-safety-how-multiple-dimensions-of-safety-shape-school-choices-article-summary/590333.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Pentious","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What data does the study use to analyze school choice decisions?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study uses New York City high school applications to examine how families incorporate safety into their selections.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which safety factors affect families’ actual school choices?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Families avoid schools associated with higher neighborhood and school violence and disorder, lower socioemotional support, and bullying, and they consider security measures such as metal detectors.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How do safety priorities differ across student groups?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Safety priorities vary by race and academic background: White and Asian students emphasize avoiding violent neighborhoods, while Latine and Black students particularly prioritize lower school disorder, and higher-achieving students more strongly avoid higher school violence and disorder perceived by teachers.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},590333,1792192415,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":56,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},1374404730887,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","AERA Open  \nJanuary-December 2025, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 1–19 DOI: 10. 1177/23328584251329899  \nArticle reuse guidelines: [sagepub.com/journals-permissions](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[ ](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)© The Author(s) 2025. [https://journals.sagepub.com/home/ero](https://journals.sagepub.com/home/ero)  \nChoosing Schools, Choosing Safety: How Multiple Dimensions of Safety  \nShape School Choices  \nChantal A. Hailey  \nThe University of Texas at Austin  \nSchool choice programs have grown substantially over the past 30 years, enabling families to make school selections unbounded by their residential locations. While studies document families’stated preferences for school safety, few quantitatively and comprehensively examine which safety components associate with families’actual school choices. Leveraging New York City high school applications, I find that families factor multiple dimensions of safety into their school choices.  \nIndependent of schools’ academic, demographic, and geographic characteristics, families screen out schools with higher neighborhood and school violence and disorder; and metal detectors in the initial elimination phase of their decisions, and prefer schools in lower violence neighborhoods in the subsequent, more detailed decision-making phase. Families’ choices suggest variation in safety priorities by race and academic background. White, Asian, and higher-achieving students prioritize protection from neighborhood and school violence; Latine and Black students particularly prioritize lower school disorder; and White students ranked schools with metal detectors lower.  \nKeywords: Decision Making, Urban Education, Parents and Families, Regression Analyses, School Choice, School Safety  \nSchool choice programs have expanded significantly over the past 30 years. These programs include open enrollment districts, magnet and charter schools, and vouchers to attend private schools (Lareau & Goyette, 2014) . Some 50% of parents in urban cities indicate that their district allows them to select non-residentially assigned schools, and 16% attend non-neighborhood public schools (National Center for Education Statistics, 2020a). Most states have recently introduced or passed legislation further enabling families to access public and private schools of their choice (Dimarco, 2023) . The school choice model presumes that (1) families choose the highest quality schools for their children; (2) in response to competition for students, schools improve their quality or risk closure; and (3) all students benefit by attending higher-quality schools and gaining better socioeconomic outcomes (Betts 2005; Chubb & Moe 1990) . As such, the outcomes ofthe school choice marketplace depend on families’ school selections.  \nA large segment of research examines families’ evaluations, preferences, and choices for schools by their academic outcomes, demographics, and geography (Denice & Gross, 2016; Glazerman & Dotter, 2017; Hailey, 2022a; Harris & Larsen, 2023; Houston & Henig, 2023) . Families, however, identify safety as a primary consideration for their educational decisions alongside or, in some cases, above academics and travel time (Billingham et al., 2020, 2024; National Center for Education Statistics, 2020b; Pattillo, 2015) . Policymakers also promote school choice programs as a  \nsolution for students to access safe schools (U.S. House Committee on Education and The Workforce, 2022; US Department of Education, 2004). Yet, we are only beginning to understand how safety shapes families’ actual schoolselections.  \nIn this study, I use New York City (NYC) students’ highschool choices to examine the role of safety in families’school selections.1 Since families use varying definitions of school safety (Billingham et al., 2024; Hamlin, 2020; PoseyMaddox et al., 2021), I opt for a multidimensional framework of school safety. Building on evidence that neighborhood and school violence “push” students away from schoo","cbCailmPHSm6ntXZ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailmPHSm6ntXZ","pdf",680382,"English","# Introduction\n# Conceptual Framework of School Safety\n# Data and Methods\n# Findings on Safety Dimensions\n# Variation by Race and Academic Background\n# Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"What data does the study use to analyze school choice decisions?\",\"answer\":\"The study uses New York City high school applications to examine how families incorporate safety into their selections.\"},{\"question\":\"Which safety factors affect families’ actual school choices?\",\"answer\":\"Families avoid schools associated with higher neighborhood and school violence and disorder, lower socioemotional support, and bullying, and they consider security measures such as metal detectors.\"},{\"question\":\"How do safety priorities differ across student groups?\",\"answer\":\"Safety priorities vary by race and academic background: White and Asian students emphasize avoiding violent neighborhoods, while Latine and Black students particularly prioritize lower school disorder, and higher-achieving students more strongly avoid higher school violence and disorder perceived by teachers.\"}]","Choosing Schools, Choosing Safety - How Multiple Dimensions of Safety Shape School Choices - Article Summary | PDF",1792069361,48]