[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-606497-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-606497-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","chitosan-loses-innate-beneficial-properties-after-being-dissolved-in-acetic-acid-supported-by-detailed-molecular-modeling","Chitosan Loses Innate Beneficial Properties after Being Dissolved in Acetic Acid - Supported by Detailed Molecular Modeling","","Chitosan deacetylated from chitin is widely used in agriculture, food, medicine, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, yet industrial films formed by dissolving in acetic acid gels can lose innate properties. Natural chitosan films (NCFs) were produced from black soldier fly pupal shells while semisynthetic films (SCFs) were prepared by acetic-acid dissolution with glycerol and glutaraldehyde. SCFs showed reduced beneficial traits, including lower hydrophobicity changes, crystallinity, thermal behavior, fibril structure, and bacterial attachment, with Ag-deposited NCFs exhibiting stronger SERS activity.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/chitosan-loses-innate-beneficial-properties-after-being-dissolved-in-acetic-acid-supported-by-detailed-molecular-modeling/606497/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/chitosan-loses-innate-beneficial-properties-after-being-dissolved-in-acetic-acid-supported-by-detailed-molecular-modeling/606497.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Theodore","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-10-16",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",9,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"How were natural and semisynthetic chitosan films prepared in the study?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Natural chitosan films were obtained from black soldier fly pupa shells in a process that maintains original structure. Semisynthetic films were produced by dissolving the natural film in acetic acid with glycerol and glutaraldehyde.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What beneficial properties were diminished after dissolving chitosan in acetic acid?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The semisynthetic film lost beneficial properties seen in the natural film, including changes in hydrophobicity, crystallinity, thermal properties, loss of fibril structure, and reduced bacterial attachment.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"How did Ag-deposited films compare in Raman scattering activity?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Ag-deposited natural chitosan films showed higher surface-enhanced Raman scattering activity compared with semisynthetic ones.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},606497,1793076994,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,115,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,30,"research-report",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":112,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},7971461740886,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","Downloaded via BILKENT UNIV on February 17, 2021 at 06 :32:40 (UTC) .   \n[pubs.acs.org/journal/ascecg](pubs.acs.org/journal/ascecg)  Research Article   \nChitosan Loses Innate Beneficial Properties after Being Dissolved in Acetic Acid: Supported by Detailed Molecular Modeling  \nIsmail Bilican, Sami Pekdemir, M. Serdar Onses, Lalehan Akyuz, Ergin Murat Altuner, Behlul Koc-Bilican, Lian-Sheng Zang, Muhammad Mujtaba, Povilas Muleřcikas, and Murat Kaya*  \n Cite This: ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2020, 8, 18083−18093  \nRead Online  \nSee [https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines](https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines) for options on how to legitimately share published articles.  \nACCESS  \n Metrics & More  \n Article Recommendations  \n*sı   \nSupporting Information  \nABSTRACT: Chitosan, which is obtained via deacetylation of chitin, has a variety of uses in agriculture, food, medicine, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Industrial chitosan is in a gel form, which is produced by dissolving in acetic acids. These gels can bechitosan-only films or composite films that include other ingredients such as plant extracts or other polymers. Chitosanbased films, however, are not as natural as chitosan dissolved in weak acids, and they lack some of chitosan’s innate properties. In this study, natural chitosan films (NCFs) were obtained from the pupa shells of black soldier flies through a process that maintains the original structure. The semisynthetic film (SCF) was then produced by dissolving the same NCF in acetic acid along with glycerol and glutaraldehyde. The semisynthetic film remarkably  \nlost the beneficial properties of the natural film. The deteriorated characteristics include hydrophobicity, crystallinity, thermal properties, as well as a loss of fibril structure and a reduction in bacterial attachment. Moreover, the Ag-deposited NCFs manifested strikingly higher surface-enhanced Raman scattering activity as compared with the semisynthetic ones. These results, including the molecular modeling data, demonstrate that dissolving chitosan in acetic acid changes its polymeric structure.  \nKEYWORDS: chitosan film, natural, synthetic, black soldier fly, SERS  \n■ INTRODUCTION  \nChitosan is produced by the deacetylation of chitin, which is the second most abundant polymer in the world and is widely used in the film technology. Chitosan-based films are produced by dissolving chitosan powder in acetic acid, and the solution is then plasticized with the addition of a plasticizer such as glycerol.1 The dissolution of chitosan in acetic acid at the nontoxic concentration (\u003C1%) enables easy formation of films. Chitosan films have numerous industrial applications including, but not limited to, food coating, agriculture, pharmacy, and biomedicine.2,3 Furthermore, it is an attractive material for a multitude of applications as it can be easily shaped by molding. The biodegradable, biocompatible, antimicrobial, and antioxidant nature of chitosan makes this material more useful for film applications.2 Moreover, thanks to its predispositions to chemical modifications due to its functional chemical structure, chitosan facilitates composite film formation by mixing with different kinds of polymers, plant extracts, essential oils, and proteins to increase these desired properties.4−8 The composite formation with other matrices or biomolecules is driven by a series of chemical events, which leads to significant modifications in the overall polymeric chemistry of chitosan. The alteration of the chemical properties of chitosan during film formation affects its physicochemical characteristics.  \nHowever, there is no information in the literature on how the physicochemical and biological properties of chitosan powder used in these studies change vis- ̀a-vis films obtained after dissolving in acetic acid.  \nCommercially available chitosan samples, and samples used in previous studies, are in powder, granule, or flake form.9 In a limited number of recent studies, chitin isolation has been carried ","cbCaitE2hXK8e17s","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitE2hXK8e17s","pdf",8668295,11,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Background on chitosan and chitosan film formation\n## Research gap and study aims","[{\"question\":\"How were natural and semisynthetic chitosan films prepared in the study?\",\"answer\":\"Natural chitosan films were obtained from black soldier fly pupa shells in a process that maintains original structure. Semisynthetic films were produced by dissolving the natural film in acetic acid with glycerol and glutaraldehyde.\"},{\"question\":\"What beneficial properties were diminished after dissolving chitosan in acetic acid?\",\"answer\":\"The semisynthetic film lost beneficial properties seen in the natural film, including changes in hydrophobicity, crystallinity, thermal properties, loss of fibril structure, and reduced bacterial attachment.\"},{\"question\":\"How did Ag-deposited films compare in Raman scattering activity?\",\"answer\":\"Ag-deposited natural chitosan films showed higher surface-enhanced Raman scattering activity compared with semisynthetic ones.\"}]","Chitosan Loses Innate Beneficial Properties after Being Dissolved in Acetic Acid - Supported by Detailed Molecular Modeling | PDF",1792184595,28]