[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-381765-105":59,"doc-detail-381765-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","chinese-medical-association-consensus-for-standardized-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-pancreatic-neuroendocrine-neoplasms","Chinese Medical Association consensus for standardized diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms","","Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) are described as rare, highly heterogeneous tumors arising in the pancreas with neuroendocrine differentiation, accounting for about 3% of pancreatic tumors. Incidence is reported to be rising globally, with cases often sporadic and more frequent in women. Clinically, pNENs are classified as functioning or nonfunctioning according to hormone-related syndromes; functioning tumors are typically detected early, while most nonfunctioning tumors are found incidentally during imaging or endoscopy for other complaints. The document outlines partial knowledge of etiology, including genetic mutations, family history, smoking, and alcohol, and notes evidence drawn from Chinese trials.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/chinese-medical-association-consensus-for-standardized-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-pancreatic-neuroendocrine-neoplasms/381765/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/chinese-medical-association-consensus-for-standardized-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-pancreatic-neuroendocrine-neoplasms/381765.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Mabel","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What are pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) and how common are they?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"pNENs are rare, heterogeneous pancreatic tumors with neuroendocrine differentiation, comprising about 3% of all pancreatic tumors.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How are pNENs classified clinically?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"They are divided into functioning and nonfunctioning tumors based on whether they produce a clinical syndrome from hormone overproduction.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Why are most nonfunctioning pNENs often found after other investigations?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Most nonfunctioning pNENs are accidentally detected during imaging studies and endoscopies done for other complaints such as local mass effects or symptoms related to metastasis.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},381765,1790507040,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},7971474920318,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/74000ee537e6b0ca360?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1788430171632181674","Chinese Medical Association consensus for standardized diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms  \nFeng Jiao1, Jiujie Cui1, Deliang Fu2, Qi Li3, Zheng Wu4, Zan Teng5, Hongmei Zhang6, Jun Zhou7, Zhihong Zhang8, Xiaobing Chen9, Yuhong Zhou10, Yixiong Li11, Yiping Mou12, Renyi Qin13, Yongwei Sun14, Gang Jin15, Yuejuan Cheng16, Jian Wang17, Gang Ren18, Jiang Yue19, Guangxin Jin20, Xiuying Xiao1, Liwei Wang1; on behalf of Pancreatic Tumor Group, Society of Oncology, Chinese Medical Association  \n1Department of Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute , Renji Hospital , School of Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127 , China;  \n2Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital , Fudan University, Shanghai 200040 , China;  \n3Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital , School of Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080 , China;  \n4Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi ’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061 , China;  \n5Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang , Liaoning 110801 , China;  \n6Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 , China;  \n7Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142 , China;  \n8Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 , China;  \n9Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital , Zhengzhou , Henan 450003 , China;  \n10Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital , Fudan University, Shanghai 200032 , China;  \n11Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital , Central South University, Changsha , Hunan 410008 , China;  \n12Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People ’s Hospital, Affiliated People ’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310014 , China;  \n13Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030 , China; 14Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital , School of Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127 , China;  \n15Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Changhai Hospital , Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433 , China;  \n16Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100730 , China; 17Department of Radiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital , Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003 , China;  \n18Department of Radiotherapy, Peking University Shougang Hospital , Beijing 100144 , China;  \n19Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Renji Hospital , School of Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127 , China;  \n20Department of Interventional Oncology, Renji Hospital , School of Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127 , China.  \nPancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) are rare and highly heterogeneous tumors originating from pluripotent stem cells with neuroendocrine differentiation in the pancreas, constituting approximately 3% of all pancreatic tumors. [1] The global incidence of pNENs has been increasing recently, and most cases are sporadic and more common in women. [1,2]  \npNENs are clinically divided into functioning and nonfunctioning tumors depending on whether the tumors are accompanied by a clinical syndrome related to specific hormone overproduction. Functioning tumors are usually diagnosed during the early evaluation of  \n\n| Access this article online |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| Quick Response Code:\u003Cbr>| Website:\u003C","cbCaiqvqhGpQlORF","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqvqhGpQlORF","pdf",1288304,15,"English","# Overview of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs)\n# Clinical classification: functioning vs nonfunctioning\n# Etiology and risk factors","[{\"question\":\"What are pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) and how common are they?\",\"answer\":\"pNENs are rare, heterogeneous pancreatic tumors with neuroendocrine differentiation, comprising about 3% of all pancreatic tumors.\"},{\"question\":\"How are pNENs classified clinically?\",\"answer\":\"They are divided into functioning and nonfunctioning tumors based on whether they produce a clinical syndrome from hormone overproduction.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are most nonfunctioning pNENs often found after other investigations?\",\"answer\":\"Most nonfunctioning pNENs are accidentally detected during imaging studies and endoscopies done for other complaints such as local mass effects or symptoms related to metastasis.\"}]","Chinese Medical Association consensus for standardized diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms | PDF",1790246949,38]