[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-592115-105":59,"doc-detail-592115-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","chinese-education-policy-in-the-context-of-decentralization-and-marketization-evolution-and-implications","Chinese Education Policy in the Context of Decentralization and Marketization: Evolution and Implications","","Education policy in China has shifted markedly since the late-1970s economic reforms and open-door policy, shaped by market-oriented reforms and global economic integration. The study reviews policy changes before and after reforms, then analyzes how decentralization and marketization evolved in the education sector. It evaluates resulting effects on policy implementation, emphasizing weakened state capacity and widening rural–urban disparities. The article concludes that achieving equal and balanced educational development requires re-strengthening the state's role in education provision.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/chinese-education-policy-in-the-context-of-decentralization-and-marketization-evolution-and-implications/592115/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/chinese-education-policy-in-the-context-of-decentralization-and-marketization-evolution-and-implications/592115.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Grenda","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-01","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What motivated major changes to China’s education policy after the late 1970s?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Market-oriented reforms and rapid economic growth under global integration reshaped education policy and led to a more pragmatic understanding of education.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How did decentralization and marketization affect education policy?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"They changed the way education policy is implemented and contributed to key issues, including a reduced role of the state and growing rural–urban disparities.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What conclusion does the paper reach about equal and balanced education development?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Equal and balanced development requires bringing the state back into the education sector.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},592115,1792116677,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":36,"preview_page_count":4},7971474921005,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Asia Pacific Education Review Copyright 2007 by Education Research Institute  \n2007, Vol. 8, No. 1, 142-157.  \nChinese Education Policy in the Context of Decentralization and Marketization: Evolution and Implications  \nKinglun Ngok  \nSun Yat-sen University  \nChina  \nEducation policy has been undergoing great transformation in China since the initiation of economic reforms and the open-door policy in the late 1970s. These market-oriented reforms and the pursuit of rapid economic growth in a globalized economy have significantly impacted China’s education policy and development. In line with the development of the market-oriented economy and its increasing integration with the global market, amore pragmatic perception of education has gradually taken shape in the post-Mao era, resulting in the decentralization and marketization of education in China. This article aims to examine the development of Chinese education policy in the context of decentralization and marketization since the start of the economic reforms. It will firstly make a brief contrast between the education policies before and after the economic reforms. Then, the decentralization and marketization in the field of education since the initiation of the economic reforms will be examined. What follows is an assessment of the impacts that marketization and decentralization had on education policy. This paper argues that the weakening role of the state in education provision and the disparity between rural and urban areas are key issues facing China’s education policy following the economic reforms and the open-door policy. It concludes by suggesting that equal and balanced  \ndevelopment in education in China entails bringing the state back into the education sector.  \nKey words : education policy, decentralization, marketization, educational inequality, economic reform  \nIntroduction  \nEducation policy has been undergoing great transformation in China since the initiation of the economic reform and open-door policy in the late 1970s. The market-oriented reforms and pursuit of rapid economic growth in a globalized economy have had important impactson China’s education policy and development. In line with  \nKinglun Ngok, Associate Professor, Research Centre for Public Administration and School of Government, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.  \nCorrespondence concerning this article should be addressed to Kinglun Ngok, School of Government, Sun Yat-sen University, No.135 Xingang West Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China. [e-mail: klngok@126.com](e-mail: klngok@126.com)  \nthe development of the market-oriented economy and its increasing integration with the global market, a more pragmatic perception of education has gradually taken shape in the post-Mao era, resulting in the decentralization and marketization of education in China. This article aims to examine the development of Chinese education policy in the context of decentralization and marketization. It begins with a brief review of China’s education policies before and after the economic reforms. Then, the decentralization and marketization of education since the economic reforms is examined. Much attention is placed on the impacts that marketization and decentralization have had on education policy. It argues that the weakening role of the state in educational provision and the disparity between rural and urban areas are key issues facing China’s education policy following the economic  \nChinese Education Policy in the Context of Decentralization and Marketization: Evolution and Implications  \nreform and open-door policy. It concludes that the equal and balanced development in education in China entails the bringing the state back in the education sector.  \nEducation Policy Prior to the Economic Reform  \nAfter the Communist party took power in China in 1949, education was under strict government control. The paramount principle of education policy in Mao’s China was political in nature and effect. Poli","cbCaibfjYCSlwXFi","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibfjYCSlwXFi","pdf",244154,16,"English","# Introduction\n# Education Policy Prior to the Economic Reform\n## Rural-urban dual society and resource allocation\n## Higher education under planned economy","[{\"question\":\"What motivated major changes to China’s education policy after the late 1970s?\",\"answer\":\"Market-oriented reforms and rapid economic growth under global integration reshaped education policy and led to a more pragmatic understanding of education.\"},{\"question\":\"How did decentralization and marketization affect education policy?\",\"answer\":\"They changed the way education policy is implemented and contributed to key issues, including a reduced role of the state and growing rural–urban disparities.\"},{\"question\":\"What conclusion does the paper reach about equal and balanced education development?\",\"answer\":\"Equal and balanced development requires bringing the state back into the education sector.\"}]","Chinese Education Policy in the Context of Decentralization and Marketization: Evolution and Implications | PDF",1792073894]