[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-56177-en":3,"doc-seo-56177-105":29,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},56177,1649267921044,"Ava Thompson","https://us-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/1800007509477c92dfb?_k=1782875107921204101",7,"Healthcare","Children with Specific Language Impairment Second Edition","Children with Specific Language Impairment Second Edition provides a detailed, evidence-focused review of specific language impairment (SLI), addressing how spoken-language deficits in children cannot be explained by neurological damage, hearing impairment, or intellectual disability. The book surveys historical developments, linguistic and nonlinguistic findings across English and multiple languages, and examines boundaries of SLI. It evaluates explanations from genetics and neurobiology to language exposure and theoretical mechanisms, concluding with clinical approaches and treatment efficacy.","Children with Specific Language Impairment Second Edition  \nChildren with Specific Language Impairment Second Edition  \nLaurence B. Leonard  \nA Bradford Book The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England  \n© 2014 Massachusetts Institute of Technology  \nAll rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher.  \nMIT Press books may be purchased at special quantity discounts for business or sales promotional use. For information, please email [special_sales@mitpress.mit.edu](special_sales@mitpress.mit.edu).  \nThis book was set in Sabon by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited, Hong Kong. Printed and bound in the United States of America.  \nLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available.  \nISBN: 978-0-262-02706-9  \n10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1  \nContents  \nPreface vii  \nPart I Foundations 1  \n1 Introduction 3  \n2 Characterizing the Language Deficit: Basic Concepts 37  \nPart II Describing the Data: Linguistic and Nonlinguistic Findings 51  \n3 The Language Characteristics of SLI: A Detailed Look at English 53  \n4 SLI across Languages 95  \n5 Exploring the Boundaries of SLI 151  \nPart III Nature and Nurture 181  \n6 The Genetics of SLI 183  \n7 The Neurobiology of SLI 197  \n8 The Linguistic and Communicative Environment 221  \nPart IV Theoretical Issues 239  \n9 SLI as a Deficit in Linguistic Knowledge 241  \n10 Processing Limitations and SLI 271  \n11 SLI as a Deficit in Specific Mechanisms 305  \n12 Grammatical Deficits in SLI and the Role of Input 331  \nPart V Clinical Issues 347  \n13 The Nature and Efficacy of Treatment 349  \nvi Contents  \nPart VI Conclusions 373  \n14 Why Study SLI Revisited 375  \nReferences 383  \nName Index 461  \nSubject Index 477  \nPreface  \nFor almost 200 years, scholars and practitioners have puzzled over a group of children whose deficits in spoken language ability could not be attributed to neurological damage, hearing impairment, or intellectual disability. Furthermore, the language problems in such cases seemed to be present from the beginning; they did not materialize at age two or three as the sequelae of some illness or psychological trauma. The most common label applied to this condition in the scientific literature is “specific language impairment.” This book is devoted to a detailed review of what we know about this disorder.  \nSpecific language impairment might be the most prevalent disorder that the person on the street has never heard of. Those of us working in this area bemoan this fact, though we are partly to blame for it. Over the decades, we have used myriad labels to describe this condition, to the point where one cannot do a thorough review of the literature without using about a dozen of them in any keyword search. However, the shifting labels are not the only source of the anonymity problem. Despite the fact that a deficit in spoken language ability can play havoc with a child’s academic, social, emotional, and even economic future (as I document in this book), weaknesses of this type are not always conspicuous, and often masquerade as inattentiveness or worse. We have not been very successful in informing the public about this type of problem—a significant shortcoming on our part considering that all evidence indicates it is at least as common as dyslexia and ADHD, and considerably more common than autism. Fortunately, organized efforts are now underway to raise awareness of this type of disorder, including an Internet campaign led by the scholar Dorothy Bishop and her colleagues (see Bishop, Clark, ContiRamsden, Frazier-Norbury, & Snowling, 2012) .  \nAlthough largely out of the public eye, specific language impairment has been the subject of considerable scientific inquiry. This book covers the history of the study of specific language impairment, and it also presents a great many facts (as we know them) ab","cbCaijj20Lm471ae","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijj20Lm471ae","pdf",6986827,1,491,"English","en",105,"# Preface\n# Part I Foundations\n## Introduction\n## Characterizing the Language Deficit: Basic Concepts\n# Part II Describing the Data: Linguistic and Nonlinguistic Findings\n## The Language Characteristics of SLI: A Detailed Look at English\n## SLI across Languages\n## Exploring the Boundaries of SLI\n# Part III Nature and Nurture\n## The Genetics of SLI\n## The Neurobiology of SLI\n## The Linguistic and Communicative Environment\n# Part IV Theoretical Issues\n## SLI as a Deficit in Linguistic Knowledge\n## Processing Limitations and SLI\n## SLI as a Deficit in Specific Mechanisms\n## Grammatical Deficits in SLI and the Role of Input\n# Part V Clinical Issues\n## The Nature and Efficacy of Treatment\n# Part VI Conclusions\n## Why Study SLI Revisited","[{\"question\":\"What makes specific language impairment different from other explanations of language problems?\",\"answer\":\"The book describes SLI as language deficits in children that cannot be attributed to neurological damage, hearing impairment, or intellectual disability. It also emphasizes that the problems are present from early development rather than emerging later after an illness or trauma.\"},{\"question\":\"What topics does the book cover when describing language and nonlinguistic findings?\",\"answer\":\"It reviews the linguistic and nonlinguistic characteristics of SLI, including detailed findings for English, cross-language patterns, and ways of exploring the boundaries of what counts as SLI.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the book approach causes and mechanisms of SLI?\",\"answer\":\"It evaluates hypotheses spanning genetics, neurobiology, and the linguistic and communicative environment, then addresses theoretical issues such as deficits in linguistic knowledge, processing limitations, specific mechanisms, and the role of input for grammatical deficits.\"}]",1783718135,1237,{"code":4,"msg":30,"data":31},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":32,"title":13,"keywords":33,"description":14,"schema_data":34,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":27},"children-with-specific-language-impairment-second-edition","",{"@graph":35,"@context":85},[36,53,68],{"@type":37,"itemListElement":38},"BreadcrumbList",[39,43,47,50],{"item":40,"name":41,"@type":42,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":44,"name":45,"@type":42,"position":46},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":48,"name":12,"@type":42,"position":49},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":42,"position":52},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/children-with-specific-language-impairment-second-edition/56177/",4,{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":40,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-17","2026-07-10",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"What makes specific language impairment different from other explanations of language problems?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"The book describes SLI as language deficits in children that cannot be attributed to neurological damage, hearing impairment, or intellectual disability. It also emphasizes that the problems are present from early development rather than emerging later after an illness or trauma.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"What topics does the book cover when describing language and nonlinguistic findings?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"It reviews the linguistic and nonlinguistic characteristics of SLI, including detailed findings for English, cross-language patterns, and ways of exploring the boundaries of what counts as SLI.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"How does the book approach causes and mechanisms of SLI?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"It evaluates hypotheses spanning genetics, neurobiology, and the linguistic and communicative environment, then addresses theoretical issues such as deficits in linguistic knowledge, processing limitations, specific mechanisms, and the role of input for grammatical deficits.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":51,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":51},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,115,118,123,128,131,135],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":116,"slug":117},40,"healthcare",{"id":119,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]