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Based on 48 semi-structured interviews across six local authorities, the qualitative study explains why CSAE remains under-visible in statutory datasets such as the Children in Need census and Serious Incident Notifications. It highlights structural, cultural, and system-level factors, including recording frameworks that struggle to capture risk fluidity, cumulative harm, and overlapping vulnerabilities, and it draws implications for improving data accuracy and SIN thresholds.",{"@graph":69,"@context":114},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/child-sexual-abuse-and-exploitation-recording-practices-in-childrens-social-care-and-serious-incident-reporting-qualitative-insights-for-policy-and-practice/587957/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/child-sexual-abuse-and-exploitation-recording-practices-in-childrens-social-care-and-serious-incident-reporting-qualitative-insights-for-policy-and-practice/587957.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Bintang","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-10","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What factors influence CSAE visibility in statutory data?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Structural, cultural, and system-level factors shape how CSAE becomes visible or hidden, including recording frameworks that require a single primary need and may not capture the complexity, timing, and cumulative nature of CSAE.","Answer","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":116,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":118,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":120,"site_id":62},587957,1792295816,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":123},{"doc_id":120,"user_id":124,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":125,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":126,"file_id":127,"file_url":128,"file_type":129,"file_size":130,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":131,"language":132,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":133,"faqs":134,"seo_title":135,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":136,"read_time":137,"preview_page_count":4},962085564381,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitation: Recording Practices in Children’s Social Care and Serious Incident Reporting -Qualitative Insights for Policy and Practice  \nMarch 2026  \nAuthors: Emma Ball, Michelle McManus, Jessica McElwee, Paige Monaghan  \nContents  \nContents 1  \nGlossary of terms 2  \nExecutive Summary 3  \nIntroduction 12  \nChapter 1: Remit of Social Care Practice: Identification and Recording of CSAE 15  \nChapter 2: Nature of CSAE harm 25  \nChapter 3: Systems, tools and structures that shape visibility and variation in CSAE 31  \nChapter 4: Serious Incident Notifications (SIN) and CSAE 38  \nChapter 5: Practitioners’ Reflective Learning Points 44  \nConclusions 57  \nReferences 62  \nAppendix 66  \nGlossary of terms  \nArtificial intelligence: AI  \nChild criminal exploitation: CCE  \nChild exploitation: CE  \nChild exploitation vulnerability tracker: CEVT  \nChild Protection Authority: CPA  \nChild protection plans: CPP  \nChild sexual abuse and exploitation: CSAE  \nChild sexual abuse: CSA  \nChild sexual exploitation: CSE  \nChild in need: CIN  \nChild safeguarding review panel: CSPR  \nChild vulnerability tracker: CVT  \nDepartment for Education: DfE  \nGeneral practitioner: GP  \nMulti-agency child exploitation: MACE  \nNational Centre for Violence and Public Protection: NCVPP  \nNo further action: NFA  \nRisk outside the home: ROTH  \nSexual assault referral centre: SARC  \nSerious incident notifications: SINs  \nExecutive Summary  \nContext  \nRecent national reviews and analyses 1 highlight a persistent gap between policerecorded child sexual abuse and exploitation (CSAE) and what is visible in children’s social care datasets, particularly the Children in Need (CIN) census and Serious Incident Notifications (SINs) .  \nRecommendation 9 of the Casey Audit called for further investigation into the potential explanations for these differences, including potential under-identification, variation in local authority recording practices and the adequacy of current statutory data systems. Indirect response, the Department for Education (DfE) commissioned this qualitative study to explore how CSAE is identified, assessed, recorded and reported within children’s social care practice.  \nThis study involved 48 semi-structured interviews with practitioners across six local authorities. While not representative of practice across England, the research provides in-depth, practice-grounded insights that help explain national quantitative patterns and identify structural, cultural and system-level factors shaping CSAE visibility in statutory data.  \nKey Findings  \nAcross all six local authorities, practitioners consistently described CSAE as a significant safeguarding concern. However, the study identified a set of structural, cultural and system-level factors that shape how CSAE becomes visible, or remains hidden, within statutory data. These findings help explain the national picture described by the Casey Audit (2025), National Centre for Violence and Public Protection (NCVPP) (2025), the Child Sexual Exploitation Taskforce et al. (2025), and recent GOV. UK (2025b) CSAE data release.  \nThe report is structured across five chapters to address the three core research questions:  \n• How social workers identify and record CSAE within CIN processes.  \n• What drives variation in recording practices across local authorities.  \n1Casey (2025); Child Sexual Exploitation Taskforce et al. (2025); National Centre for Violence and Public Protection (NCVPP, 2025); GOV. UK CSAE Data Insights (2025b): Children in need: A focus on sexual abuse and exploitation, Reporting year 2025-Explore education statistics-GOV. UK  \n• How expectations and thresholds within the SIN system shape the reporting of serious CSAE-related harm.  \nChapter 1 examines how CSAE is identified in practice and why it may not be explicitly recorded.  \nChapter 2 explores distinctions and overlaps between CSA and CSE and how these shape thresholds and recording.  \nChapter 3 considers how systems and loc","cbCais9TXlcItMlv","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCais9TXlcItMlv","pdf",830752,77,"English","# Executive Summary\n## Context and research purpose\n## Key findings and core research questions\n# Chapter 1: Remit of social care practice: identification and recording of CSAE\n## How CSAE is identified and why recording may be incomplete","[{\"question\":\"What factors influence CSAE visibility in statutory data?\",\"answer\":\"Structural, cultural, and system-level factors shape how CSAE becomes visible or hidden, including recording frameworks that require a single primary need and may not capture the complexity, timing, and cumulative nature of CSAE.\"}]","Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitation - Recording Practices in Children’s Social Care and Serious Incident Reporting - Qualitative Insights for Policy and Practice | PDF",1792063916,194]