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The document explains why child labor became urgent after responsibility for Fair Labor Standards Act enforcement expanded in 1938, emphasizing misrepresentation of age and the employment-certificate system as a practical tool to support minimum-age compliance.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/child-labor-in-vegetable-canneries-in-maryland-read-online-free/432016/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/child-labor-in-vegetable-canneries-in-maryland-read-online-free/432016.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Franzy","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"What was the purpose of the Children’s Bureau survey in Maryland canneries?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"To obtain first-hand information about employment of young workers in canneries and to support administration of the Fair Labor Standards Act minimum-age provisions.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"How did the survey verify workers’ ages?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"By comparing employers’ age records with vital-statistics records, employment-certificate records, and other sources.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"Why did the document emphasize the employment-certificate system?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"Because the study results showed that unsupported age statements were unreliable, especially when legal barriers created incentives to overstate age, making certificates important for maintaining minimum-age standards.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},432016,1790657664,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":138,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":128,"read_time":143},2336478945519,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","MARYGnOVE GOLLEGE(DEPARTAENT 0F SOC10L0GYPAYBAt自801GLEGY  \n# A HILLBILLY TRIO IN HAWA11\n\n\n| U.S.DEPARTMENT OF LABOR  \u003Cbr>C,H IT.D RF,N’S     B TT R下，A T   |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n|  |  |  |\n\nAUGUST 1940  \nAugust 1940  \nC①NT E NT S  \nPageCHILD LABOR—YoUTH EMPLOYMENT—VoCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES:Child Labor in Vegetable Canneries in Maryland,by Caroline E.Legg and Ella Arvilla Merritt___------35B1RTH—GROWTH—CHILD HEALTH:  \nIncrease in Registration of Crippled Children in Minnesota,byII.E.Hilleboe,M.D.,and R.N.Murdoch__40The Poliomyelitis Epidemic in Charleston County.S.C.,byMargaret S.Arey,R.N___43Social-Security Plans Approved for Puerto Rico_47CHILD WELFARE-—SoCIAL SERVICES-—CHIID GUIDANCE:  \nChild-Welfare Services for Rural Children in Hawaii,by MargaretBevis_48Child Welfare Under the New Constitution of Cuba,by Anna KaletSmith__53Book Notes54EVENTS OF CURRENT INTEREST:  \nChildren's Bureau Advisory Committees on Maternal and Child-Welfare Services-__55Conference Calendar___58Child-Health and Child-Welfare Services in Hawaii(photographs)_59  \nThe Children's Bureau does not necessarily endorse or assume responsibilityfor the statements or opinions of contributors not connected with the Bureau.  \n\n| о СйшЮ Е АВФЕВо  \u003Cbr>● Y4UT EMPL①YMENT  \u003Cbr>● VCATIONAL ①PP④MBTUNITⅡES ●   |\n| --- |\n\n# Child Labor in Vegetable Canneries in Maryland\n\nBr CAROLINE E.LEGG AND ELLA ARVILLA MERRITTIndustrial Division,U.S.Children's Bureau  \nfirst-hand information regarding employmentof young workers in canneries would be of greatvalue in meeting the administrative problemslikely to arise.To obtain such informationthe Children's Bureau therefore cooperated ina survey of wages and hours of cannery em-ployees that was being carried on in the sum-mer of 1938 by the Women's Bureau of theDepartment of Labor.  \nCanning of perishable products has been formany years an industry characterized by em-ployment of children and young persons—em-ployment often unregulated because of the tend-ency to exempt canneries from State legislationgoverning employment of children and women.1Moreover,the seasonal nature of the industry,requiring a large labor force for only a shorttime,brings pressure on employers to disregardlabor standards in order to recruit workersrapidly.At the same time the short seasonsand the isolation of many plants often makeenforcement of legislative restrictions difficult.Long hours of work and low earnings are alsocharacteristic of the industry.  \nThe Children's Bureau survey dealt with theemployment in 1937 and 1938 of young workersunder 18 years of age in 48 Maryland vegetablecanneries—6 in Baltimore,16 in northern Mary-land,and 26 on the Eastern Shore.As meas-ured by employment figures for the maximum-pay-roll week in 1937,17 were large plantsemploying more than 200 workers;15 weremedium-sized plants with a maximum of 100 to200 employees,and 16 were small plants withless than 100 workers on the pay roll at anytime in that year.For 1937 the study coveredyoung workers in these canneries at any timeduring the year;for 1938,only those employedduring peak weeks in selected products.  \nFor these reasons the prevalence of employ-ment of young persons in canneries has alwaysbeen a matter of concern to the Children's Bu-reau and to other agencies interested in childwelfare.In June 1938 when the Children'sBureau was made responsible for the enforce-ment of the child-labor provisions of the FairLabor Standards Act,which became effectivethe following October,child labor in canneriesbecame a problem of immediate and special im-portance to the Bureau.Since a large propor-tion of the products of the industry are shippedin interstate commerce,these provisions,whichincluded a basic 16-year minimum age for em-ployment,applied to most canneries throughoutthe country,and the Bureau recognized that  \nWith the primary purpose of aiding in theadministration of the minimum-age provisionsof the Fair Labor Standards Act the Children'sBureau survey placed special emphasis","cbCairXCu4fqijn6","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairXCu4fqijn6","pdf",2536121,28,"English","# Child Labor in Vegetable Canneries in Maryland\n## Purpose of the survey\n## Context: seasonality and enforcement difficulty\n## Coverage and sample of canneries\n## Fair Labor Standards Act enforcement emphasis\n## Misrepresentation of age verification\n## Employment-certificate system","[{\"question\":\"What was the purpose of the Children’s Bureau survey in Maryland canneries?\",\"answer\":\"To obtain first-hand information about employment of young workers in canneries and to support administration of the Fair Labor Standards Act minimum-age provisions.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the survey verify workers’ ages?\",\"answer\":\"By comparing employers’ age records with vital-statistics records, employment-certificate records, and other sources.\"},{\"question\":\"Why did the document emphasize the employment-certificate system?\",\"answer\":\"Because the study results showed that unsupported age statements were unreliable, especially when legal barriers created incentives to overstate age, making certificates important for maintaining minimum-age standards.\"}]","Child Labor in Vegetable Canneries in Maryland - read online free | PDF",71]