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Explains relative mass and charge of protons, electrons, and neutrons, and shows how atomic number and mass number relate to neutron number. Includes isotope definitions and examples of hydrogen isotopes, then transitions to metals versus non-metals with key physical properties and alkali metal reactions with oxygen and water, including safety precautions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/chemistry-year-10-revision-materials-atomic-structure-ion-formation-mass-and-charge-isotopes-metals/459213/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/chemistry-year-10-revision-materials-atomic-structure-ion-formation-mass-and-charge-isotopes-metals/459213.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"nayy☆","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-20","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How do you determine whether an atom has a charge or no charge?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Atoms have no charge when protons and electrons are equal. A charge occurs when an ion forms due to losing or gaining electrons, while proton number stays the same.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What is the relationship between mass number, atomic number, and neutron number?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Neutron number is calculated by subtracting the atomic number (number of protons) from the mass number.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What physical and chemical characteristics distinguish metals, especially alkali metals?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Metals are dull outside due to an oxide layer but shiny inside, and many float because of low density. Alkali metals react with oxygen to form oxides and with water to form an alkali solution and hydrogen, often with observable fizzing; safety goggles and careful handling are required.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},459213,1790822639,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962090893153,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Year 10 Chemistry  \nRevision Materials for February  \nExams 2017  \n(made using pages taken from old Bangor Revision Guides)  \nThis material contains both Higher and Foundation Tier content – check with your teacher if you are unsure if you should revise certain sections.  \nAtomic Structure  \n\n|  | Atoms contain a nucleus and electrons\u003Cbr>The small central nucleus is made from protons and neutrons. Around these are orbits (shells) of electrons. |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  |  |  |  |\n|  | Here is a diagram showing an atom of Lithium\u003Cbr>Nucleus Proton Neutron\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Electron\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Shell\u003Cbr>|  |  |\n|  |  |  |  |\n|  | This diagram shows that a piece of Potassium is made up of millions of the same atom.\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Formed from atoms\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Potassium atom\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>|  |  |\n|  |  |  |  |\n|  | Atoms of different elements are different.\u003Cbr>The number of protons is always different with different elements.\u003Cbr>Element Lithium Potassium Protons 3 19 Neutrons 4 20 Electrons 3 19\u003Cbr>Neutron number for some elements are the same.\u003Cbr>Electron number can be the same when the atoms have bonded. |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  |\n\n2 GCSE Science: Chemistry 2 [www.bangor.ac.uk](www.bangor.ac.uk)  \nAtomic Structure  \nAtoms have no charge.  \nThe number of protons (in the nucleus) is always the same as the number of electrons (in shells)  \nProtons are positively charged. (+)  \nElectrons are negatively charged (-)  \nNeutrons do not have a charge (0 )  \nEvery electron has a charge of-1  \nEvery proton has a charge of +1  \nNeutrons have no charge  \nTherefore an atom of lithium has no charge :- +3p + -3e = 0 no charge  \nIon has uneven number of protons and electrons  \nThis happens when an electron is lost Or when an electron is gained The proton number does not change.  \nMass and Charge of atoms  \nHere are the relative mass of each particle and their electric charge.  \n\n|  | mass | charge |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| proton | 1 | +1 |\n| electron | 0 | -1 |\n| neutron | 1 | 0 |\n\nProtons and neutrons have similar mass.  \nElectrons have no mass, or extremely little amount.  \n[www.bangor.ac.uk](www.bangor.ac.uk) GCSE Science: Chemistry 2 3  \nAtomic Structure  \n| Number on the bottom which means the number of protons or electrons |  |\n| --- | --- |\n|  |  |\n| The number increases across the periodic table |  |\n\nMass Number  \n\n| | 7 Li 3\u003Cbr>|\n| --- | --- |\n\nNumber on the top which means the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.  \nNeutron Number  \nThe number of neutrons in an atom is worked out by subtracting the number of protons (Atomic number) from the Mass number.  \n|  | Atomic number |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Proton or Electron |  |  |\n\nIsotopes  \nThe same element (as it has the same number of protons) but with different number of neutrons (making the mass number different) . Hydrogen  \nProton =  Electron =  Neutron =   \nProton number = 1 Neutron number = 0  \n2 H 1  \nProton number = 1 Neutron number = 1  \n3 H 1  \nProton number = 1 Neutron number = 2  \n4 GCSE Science: Chemistry 2 [www.bangor.ac.uk](www.bangor.ac.uk)  \nMetals  \nPhysical Properties  \nNon-Metals  \nConduct Electricity  \nDoes not conduct Electricity  \n| \u003Cbr>1 electron on the outer shell\u003Cbr>Physical Properties |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| | All metals look dull on the outside .\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Over a short period of time a layer of oxide makes the metal look dull. The inside of every metal is shiny\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>It is possible to cut every metal with a knife\u003Cbr>They are kept in oil to prevent them from reacting with oxygen and moisture in the air.\u003Cbr>Their density is low therefore most float\u003Cbr>The boiling point and melting point are lower than many other metals |\n\n[www.bangor.ac.uk](www.bangor.ac.uk) GCSE Science: Chemistry 2 5  \n\n| Group 1 Alkali Metals\u003Cbr>| Chemical Properties They react with oxygen and water. |\n| --- | --- |\n\n\n| | \u003Cbr>Alkali metals with oxygen and water\u003Cbr>Oxygen causes the surface of the metal to turn dull by forming a layer of oxide\u003Cbr>eg. potassium + oxygen potassium oxide\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>4K(s) + O2 (g ) 2","cbCaicKeIxWjrs5i","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicKeIxWjrs5i","pdf",4399701,32,"English","# Atomic Structure\n## Ions, charge and particle rules\n## Mass number and neutron number\n## Isotopes\n# Metals\n## Physical properties\n## Alkali metals: reactions with oxygen and water\n## Safety precautions","[{\"question\":\"How do you determine whether an atom has a charge or no charge?\",\"answer\":\"Atoms have no charge when protons and electrons are equal. A charge occurs when an ion forms due to losing or gaining electrons, while proton number stays the same.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the relationship between mass number, atomic number, and neutron number?\",\"answer\":\"Neutron number is calculated by subtracting the atomic number (number of protons) from the mass number.\"},{\"question\":\"What physical and chemical characteristics distinguish metals, especially alkali metals?\",\"answer\":\"Metals are dull outside due to an oxide layer but shiny inside, and many float because of low density. Alkali metals react with oxygen to form oxides and with water to form an alkali solution and hydrogen, often with observable fizzing; safety goggles and careful handling are required.\"}]","Chemistry Year 10 Revision Materials - Atomic Structure - Ion Formation, Mass and Charge, Isotopes, Metals | PDF",1790755461,81]