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This study develops a pyrolysis strategy to convert oil palm shells and rice husks into biofuels, using a tubular reactor at 600–900 °C with controlled heating and nitrogen flow. Products are analyzed by TGA, FTIR-ATR, and GC. Results confirm decomposition above 600 °C, characterize aromatic and oxygenated compounds, and estimate electrical energy potential near 4000 kWh per ton.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/chemical-engineering-transactions-vol-125-analysis-of-energy-potential-from-vegetable-residual-biomass/661327/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/chemical-engineering-transactions-vol-125-analysis-of-energy-potential-from-vegetable-residual-biomass/661327.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"lugxt","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-28",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"What biomass feedstocks were used in the pyrolysis study?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"The study uses waste plant biomass residues from oil palm shells and rice husks.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"What reactor conditions were applied for pyrolysis?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"Pyrolysis was carried out in a tubular reactor with temperatures from 600 to 900 °C, a heating rate of 50 °C/min, and a nitrogen flow rate of 60 ml/min.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"Which analytical methods were used to characterize the pyrolysis products?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), and gas chromatography (GC) were used to characterize the residues and products.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},661327,1793163423,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":138,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":139,"faqs":140,"seo_title":141,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":128,"read_time":142},3985747862600,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 125, 2026  \nGuest Editors: Leonardo Tognotti, Rubens Maciel Filho, Viatcheslav Kafarov Copyright © 2026, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.  \nThe Italian Association of Chemical Engineering [Online at www.cetjournal.it](Online at www.cetjournal.it)  \nISBN 979-12-81206-26-7; ISSN 2283-9216   \nAnalysis of Energy Potential from Vegetable Residual Biomass of Oil Palm and Rice Husk by using Thermal  \nTreatment  \nAdan Y. León-Bermudeza, b,* , Gloria S. Garcíaa, José Henaoc , Julián Sanabriaa, Dario Y. Peña-Ballesterosa  \naUniversidad Industrial Santander, Escuela de Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Ciencia de los Materiales, Grupo de Investigaciones en Corrosión – GIC, cra 27 calle 9, Bucaramanga –Santander, Colombia  \nbUniversidad Industrial Santander, Escuela de Ingeniería de Petróleos, Grupo de Investigación Recobro Mejorado – GRM, cra 27 calle 9, Bucaramanga –Santander, Colombia  \ncUniversidad Industrial Santander, Escuela de Química, Grupo de Investigación en Química Estructural -GIQUE, cra 27 calle 9, Bucaramanga –Santander, Colombia  \n[adanleon@uis.edu.co](adanleon@uis.edu.co)  \nIn recent years, multiple industrial sectors have shown great interest in vegetable residual biomass due to its energy potential. This renewable resource contributes to the diversification of the national energy matrix, promoting sustainability and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This study proposes a comprehensive pyrolysis strategy for converting waste plant biomass from oil palm shells and rice husks into biofuels. This can be considered an alternative for renewable energy sources and energy security in Colombia. Pyrolysis tests were conducted in a tubular reactor at temperatures ranging from 600 to 900 °C, with a controlled heating rate of 50 °C/min and a nitrogen flow rate of 60 ml/min. The two plant biomass residues and the pyrolysis process products were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) , and gas chromatography (GC) . The thermogravimetric analysis results confirm that the selected reaction temperature above 600 °C is sufficient to promote the decomposition and volatilization of the components. However, the mass loss ranges depend on the chemical nature of the plant biomass. The infrared spectral information confirms the presence of aromatic, aliphatic, and oxygenated compounds, which are associated with lignocellulosic compounds. Gas chromatography results confirm that the content of hydrocarbons (C1-C4+) and hydrogen (H2) ranges from 19.6 to 18. 1% and from 19.9 to 21.8% molar, respectively. Based on the gas composition at 600 and 750 °C, an energy efficiency with an average calorific value of 54.1 and 55.9 MJ-kg-1 was observed. Furthermore, calculations indicate that the electrical energy potential was approximately 4000 kWh per ton. Therefore, these values represent a significant contribution to the Colombian energy sector.  \n1. Introduction  \nNowadays, many industrial sectors have shown great interest in the search for and development of new energy sources. The adoption of these alternative energies is mainly due to the challenges associated with climate change and the depletion of fossil fuels. Given this, the use of agro-industrial residues can be considered valuable due to its potential as a renewable energy source, its contribution to the circular bioeconomy, and its role in the energetic transition. Colombia, given its geographic location and climatic diversity, has a significant availability of agricultural biomass. It is estimated that the country's agro-industrial activities generate approximately 15 million tons of residues annually, primarily from crops such as coffee, plantain, sugarcane, oil palm, corn, banana, and rice. Specifically, these activities generate approximately 72 million tons of agricultural residues annually (Peñaranda et al. , 2017) . On average, the production of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) in Colombia is approximately 17.4 t /ha/year, with pa","cbCaidYkAyyM39X2","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidYkAyyM39X2","pdf",1361190,"English","# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What biomass feedstocks were used in the pyrolysis study?\",\"answer\":\"The study uses waste plant biomass residues from oil palm shells and rice husks.\"},{\"question\":\"What reactor conditions were applied for pyrolysis?\",\"answer\":\"Pyrolysis was carried out in a tubular reactor with temperatures from 600 to 900 °C, a heating rate of 50 °C/min, and a nitrogen flow rate of 60 ml/min.\"},{\"question\":\"Which analytical methods were used to characterize the pyrolysis products?\",\"answer\":\"Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), and gas chromatography (GC) were used to characterize the residues and products.\"}]","Chemical Engineering Transactions - Vol. 125 - Analysis of Energy Potential from Vegetable Residual Biomass | PDF",15]