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used for encoding motion events classified in this checklist?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"They are classified into verbal (verb stems functioning as predicates), adnominal (elements associated with the ground NP, such as case and adpositions), and adverbal (adverbs, verbal affixes, and particles).","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"Why is it recommended to include an inventory of basic elements in the description?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"An inventory provides a rough, consistent survey of lexical and grammatical items used in motion-event encoding, listing elements in citation form and marking irregular forms, which supports cross-linguistic comparison and typology.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What does the checklist say about adnominal marking in relation to motion events?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"It defines adnominal marking as including case, adpositions, their combinations, demonstratives in adnominal position, and zero marking, and it 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events  \n(Bernhard Wälchli, Bern/Leipzig/Constance, bernhard.waelchli@isw.unibe.ch, [waelchli@eva.mpg.de](waelchli@eva.mpg.de))  \nI classify all elements used for the encoding of motion events into verbal, adnominal, and adverbal. Verbal is any verb stem that can function as a verbal predicate. Adnominal are all elements associated with the ground NP, notably case and adpositions. Verbs in adnominal position are counted as verbal as far as they can be associated with any verb. Adverbal are adverbs, verbal affixes, and particles. Thus, in the English sentence The can ran out to the garden all three elements are represented: verbal ran, adnominal to, and adverbal out. Every element can be represented several times in a clause, none of them need always be represented in motion event clauses. Some elements will not be easily classifiable into the three classes. Where this is the case, classification problems must be discussed. You need not use this terminology. Use any terminology that might be convenient.  \nIt can be convenient (I would recommend it) to add to the description an inventory of basic elements used in motion event encoding, where all elements are given in a citation form in a consistent orthography with particularly irregular forms indicated in brackets. Here is an example of an inventory of forms  \nGERMAN (BERNESE) (Indo-European, Germanic; Switzerland)  \nVintr: chlättere CLIMB, cho COME, fahre GO.BY.VEHICLE/MOVE.VIOLENTLY, flie FLEE, flüchte FLEE, flüge FLY, ga GO, loufe WALK, schwümme SWIM, springe RUN, sta STAND, styge SCEND, touche DIVE, wandere WALK/GO.AROUND  \nVintr~Vtr: schiesse SHOOT/MOVE.VIOLENTLY, trööle ROLL  \nVtr: bringe BRING, gä GIVE, ha HAVE/HOLD, füere LEAD, hole FETCH, jage CHASE, lege CAUS.LIE, lüpfe PICK.UP, nä TAKE, packe SEIZE, reiche FETCH, schicke SEND, stecke PUT.FIT, stelle CAUS.STAND, trage CARRY, tribe DRIVE/CHASE,  \nVaux: (cho) cho VENTIVE,(ga) ga ANDATIVE  \nAVpref+V(tr)~V(tr) : begägne + Dat. MEET, begleite ACCOMPANY, verreise DEPART.ON.JOURNEY, vertribe CHASE.AWAY, übercho RECEIVE  \nAVpref~ANfree+V(tr) : aa-lege DRESS, aa-nä RECEIVE, ab-fahre DEPART.BY.VEHICLE, ab-zie UNDRESS, loszie SETT.OFF, uf-nä RECEIVE, uf-touche EMERGE, sech zrügg-zie WITHDRAW  \nV+COMP+Vinf: cho z springe COME.RUNNING  \nANprep+ANcase: a+Acc. TO(VERTIC), a+Dat. AT(VERTIC), bi+Dat. AT, dür+Acc. THROUGH, ga[+PLACENAME] TOWARD, i+Acc. INTO, i+Dat. IN, mit+Dat. WITH(COMIT/INSTR), na+Dat. AFTER, nach[+PLACENAME] TO, über+Acc. OVER.TO/ACROSS, über+Dat. OVER.AT, uf+Acc. ONTO, uf+Dat. ON, under+Acc. UNDER.TO, under+Dat. UNDER.AT, us+Dat. OUT.OF, vo+Dat. FROM, vor+Acc. IN.FRONT.TO, vor+Dat. IN.FRONT.TO.AT, zäme mit+Dat. TOGETHER WITH, zu(e)+Dat. TO  \nANcase: DATIVE, ACCUSATIVE [only after Prepositions and for some pronouns]  \nANprep+ANcase+ANpostp: gäge+Dat...zue TOWARD, mit+Dat...zäme TOGETHER.WITH, uf+Acc...zue TOWARD, vo+Dat...här FROM, vo+[Dat...us](Dat...us)(e) OUT.OF, zu+[Dat...us](Dat...us)(e) OUT.OF  \nANprep+ANprep+ANcase: bis i+Acc. UNTIL INTO, bis zu+Dat. UNTIL ANprep+N: i d Neechi NEAR.TO  \nAVpref~ANfree: ab DOWN/AWAY, abe DOWN, dänne AWAY, dahäre HITHER, dasume AROUND, derhär ARRIVAL, derthäre THITHER, dervo AWAY, düre THROUGH, eggäge AGAINST/MEETING, ewägg AWAY, furt AWAY, häre HITHER, hei HOME, hindenache AFTER, los INCH, mit ALONG, na/nache AFTER, übere  \nOVER/ACROSS, uf UP, ufe UP, under DOWN(SUN), ume AROUND, umenand AROUND, us OUT, use OUT, verby BY/PAST, vorus/voruus IN.FRONT, wäg AWAY, wyter ON/FURTHER, yne IN, zäme TOGETHER, zringsetum AROUND, zrügg BACK, zueche NEAR  \nADV: hinde BEHIND, wider AGAIN, zersch FIRST  \nADVdem: dert THERE, hie HERE  \nInventories will always be over-simplifying, incomplete, and provisional. The goal is not that the inventory should be absolutely precise in terms of lexical categories and basic meaning of terms. Rather it should give  \na rough survey on the lexical and grammatical items used in motion event encoding, including all freque","cbCail6MhwcjvRxy","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCail6MhwcjvRxy","pdf",142661,"English","# Checklist for motion-event description\n## Element classification: verbal, adnominal, adverbal\n## Optional inventory of basic encoding elements\n## Adnominal marking: case, adpositions, and related distinctions","[{\"question\":\"How are elements used for encoding motion events classified in this checklist?\",\"answer\":\"They are classified into verbal (verb stems functioning as predicates), adnominal (elements associated with the ground NP, such as case and adpositions), and adverbal (adverbs, verbal affixes, and particles).\"},{\"question\":\"Why is it recommended to include an inventory of basic elements in the description?\",\"answer\":\"An inventory provides a rough, consistent survey of lexical and grammatical items used in motion-event encoding, listing elements in citation form and marking irregular forms, which supports cross-linguistic comparison and typology.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the checklist say about adnominal marking in relation to motion events?\",\"answer\":\"It defines adnominal marking as including case, adpositions, their combinations, demonstratives in adnominal position, and zero marking, and it emphasizes distinguishing local roles, localization, animacy, and properties of the ground.\"}]","Checklist for the description of motion events - Inventory of basic elements | PDF",1789643512,15]