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It explains what political parties are, contrasts European and American party structures, and traces development across four major periods, including reasons for decline after the New Deal. The chapter details major party organization, intraparty democracy, machine parties, and why minor parties rarely succeed. It also compares delegate and voter issue differences in Democratic versus Republican conventions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/chapter-9-political-parties-review-and-study-outline/344249/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/chapter-9-political-parties-review-and-study-outline/344249.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Evangeline","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What does this chapter say a political party is, and how does it compare American and European party structures?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"A party is described as a group that seeks to elect candidates to public office by supplying them with a label. The chapter contrasts European and American structures, emphasizing the American federal system and the role of party identification.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does the chapter explain the development and decline of the party system?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It traces the system through four periods and links decline to factors such as changing laws and rules and voters losing commitment, with decentralization weakening parties unevenly.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What does the chapter cover about party organization and intraparty democracy?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"It describes the structure of a major party and distinguishes powerful from powerless party organs. It defines intraparty democracy and evaluates its effects on recent Democratic nominating conventions, including how primaries have increased in importance versus boss systems.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},344249,1790099009,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},13056703019662,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/be000253a8e92610077?_k=1778726343310543188","CHAPTER 9  \nPolitical Parties  \nREVIEWING THE CHAPTER  \nCHAPTER FOCUS  \nThis chapter provides a fairly detailed exploration of one unique aspect of American politics: the twoparty system that has evolved in the United States. After reading and reviewing the material in this chapter, you should be able to do each of the following:  \n1. Define the term political party and contrast the structures of the European and American parties, paying particular attention to the federal structure of the American system and the concept of party identification.  \n2. Trace the development of the party system through its four periods, and offer reasons that parties have been in decline since the New Deal period.  \n3. Describe the structure of a major party and distinguish powerful from powerless party organs.  \n4. Define intraparty democracy and state its effect on the last few Democratic nominating conventions in the last few contests. Evaluate the relative strengths of state party bosses in recent years, and discuss the increasing importance of primaries in relation to the boss system at conventions.  \n5. Describe the machine, discuss its functions, and trace its decline. Contrast its structure with that of ideological and reform parties.  \n6. Offer two explanations for the persistence of the two-party system. Explain why minor parties form, and discuss different kinds of parties. Analyze why they are so rarely successful.  \n7. Describe some of the issue differences between delegates at Democratic and Republican conventions, and indicate whether there are major differences between the parties. Compare these differences with those between members of the rank and file voters.  \nSTUDY OUTLINE  \nI. Introduction  \nA. Swings in recent elections  \n1. Democratic success in 2006 mid-term congressional elections, after years of Republican success  \n2. Republican success in 2002  \nB. 2006 swings were the result of a general desire for change (as opposed to agreement with the policies of the Democratic Party)  \nC. If anything, the relevance of the parties is declining—a serious problem for our representative democracy  \nII. Parties here and abroad  \nA. The American context  \n1. A party is a group that seeks to elect candidates to public office by supplying them with a label  \n2. American parties: historical development  \na) American parties are the oldest in the world  \nb) New parties come and go, but two dominate the process  \nc) Do not matter as much as they once did  \n(1) They used to mobilize voters  \n(2) Identification used to involve a serious commitment  \nd) Why the decline?  \n(1) Laws and rules  \n(2) Voters have lost a sense of commitment  \n(3) Decentralization has made the weakening uneven  \n3. Relevant arenas  \na) A label in the minds ofthe voters  \nb) Set of leaders in government  \nc) Organization recruiting and campaigning  \n4. American parties have become weaker in all three arenas  \na) As labels: more independents  \nb) As organizations: much weaker since the 1960s  \nc) As sets of leaders: the organization of Congress less under their control  \nB. Reasons for differences from European parties  \n1. Federal system decentralizes power  \na) Early on, most people with political jobs worked for state and local governments b) National parties were coalitions of local parties  \nc) As political power becomes more centralized, parties become weaker still  \n2. Parties closely regulated by state and federal laws  \n3. Candidates chosen through primaries, not by party leaders  \n4. President elected separately from Congress  \n5. Political culture  \na) Parties unimportant in life; Americans do not join or pay dues  \nb) Parties separate from other aspects of life  \nIII. The rise and decline of the political party  \nA. The Founding (to the 1820s)  \n1. Founders’ dislike of factions  \n2. Emergence of Republicans, Federalists: Jefferson versus Hamilton  \na) Loose caucuses of political notables  \nb) Republicans’ success and Federalists’ demise  \n3. No representat","cbCaieR6njCmcDZX","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieR6njCmcDZX","pdf",158491,25,"English","# Reviewing the Chapter\n## Chapter Focus\n## Study Outline\n# Introduction\n## Swings in recent elections\n## Parties here and abroad\n### The American context\n# The rise and decline of the political party\n## The Founding (to the 1820s)\n## The Jacksonians (to the Civil War)\n## The Civil War and sectionalism\n## The era of reform\n# Party realignments","[{\"question\":\"What does this chapter say a political party is, and how does it compare American and European party structures?\",\"answer\":\"A party is described as a group that seeks to elect candidates to public office by supplying them with a label. The chapter contrasts European and American structures, emphasizing the American federal system and the role of party identification.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the chapter explain the development and decline of the party system?\",\"answer\":\"It traces the system through four periods and links decline to factors such as changing laws and rules and voters losing commitment, with decentralization weakening parties unevenly.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the chapter cover about party organization and intraparty democracy?\",\"answer\":\"It describes the structure of a major party and distinguishes powerful from powerless party organs. It defines intraparty democracy and evaluates its effects on recent Democratic nominating conventions, including how primaries have increased in importance versus boss systems.\"}]","CHAPTER 9 - Political Parties - Review and Study Outline | PDF",1790053288,63]