[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-663076-105":59,"doc-detail-663076-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","chapter-4-orthographic-projection-and-multiview-constructions-orthographic-projection-principles-autocad-commands","Chapter 4 - Orthographic Projection and Multiview Constructions - orthographic projection principles & AutoCAD commands","","Chapter 4 explains orthographic projection foundations and how multiview drawings communicate 3D geometry on 2D media. It introduces projection concepts such as point of sight (station point) and plane of projection, then defines orthographic projection using parallel projection lines perpendicular to the image plane. It covers first-angle projection and the relationship among front, top, and side views. It also provides practical AutoCAD guidance, including construction line usage, running object snaps, AutoSnap/AutoTrack, and line construction methods.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":30,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/technology/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/chapter-4-orthographic-projection-and-multiview-constructions-orthographic-projection-principles-autocad-commands/663076/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/chapter-4-orthographic-projection-and-multiview-constructions-orthographic-projection-principles-autocad-commands/663076.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Marglet","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What are the key elements in the basic principle of projection?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The principles focus on the point of sight (station point) and the plane of projection (image plane). These define where the observer views the object and how the 2D view is formed.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What conditions define an orthographic projection?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Orthographic projection occurs when the projection lines are parallel to each other and the image plane is perpendicular (normal) to those lines, producing an accurate outline of the visible face.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does first-angle projection differ in view creation?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"In first-angle projection, the object is placed in front of the image planes, and the views are formed by projecting to an image plane located at the back.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},663076,1793224991,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":29,"category_name":30,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":144},2336477982702,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Chapter 4  \nOrthographic Projection and Multiview Constructions  \n♦ Understand the Basic Orthographic projection principles.  \n♦ Be able to perform 1st and 3rd Angle projections.  \n♦ Using the CONSTRUCTION LINE command in AutoCAD to draw.  \n♦ Using the AutoCAD Running Object Snaps options.  \n♦ Use AutoCAD’s AutoSnap and AutoTrack features.  \n♦ Using the Miter line method.  \nVisit our website to learn more about this and other books:  \nIntroduction  \nMost drawings produced and used in industry are multiview drawings. Multiview drawings are used to provide accurate three-dimensional object information on twodimensional media, a means of communicating all of the information necessary to transform an idea or concept into reality. The standards and conventions of multiview drawings have been developed over many years, which equip us with a universally understood method of communication.  \nMultiview drawings usually require several orthographic projections to define the shape of a three-dimensional object. Each orthographic view is a two-dimensional drawing showing only two of the three dimensions of the three-dimensional object. Consequently, no individual view contains sufficient information to completely define the shape of the three-dimensional object. All orthographic views must be looked at together to comprehend the shape of the three-dimensional object. The arrangement and relationship between the views are therefore very important in multiview drawings. Before taking amore in-depth look into the multiview drawings, we will first look at the concepts and principles of projections.  \nBasic Principle of Projection  \nTo better understand the theory of projection, one must become familiar with the elements that are common to the principles of projection. First of all, the POINT OF SIGHT (aka STATION POINT) is the position of the observer in relation to the object and the plane of projection. It is from this point that the view of the object is taken. Secondly, the observer views the features of the object through an imaginary PLANE OF PROJECTION (or IMAGE PLANE). Imagine yourself standing in front ofa glass window, IMAGE PLANE, looking outward; the image of a house at a distance is sketched on to the glass and is a 2D view of a 3D house.  \nOrthographic Projection  \nThe lines connecting from the Point of Sight to the 3D object are called the Projection Lines or Lines of Sight. Note that in the above figure, the projection lines are connected at the point of sight, and the projected 2D image is smaller than the actual size of the 3D object.  \nNow, if the projection lines are parallel to each other and the image plane is also perpendicular (normal) to the projection lines, the result is what is known as an orthographic projection. When the projection lines are parallel to each other, an accurate outline of the visible face of the object is obtained.  \nThe term orthographic is derived from the word orthos meaning perpendicular or 90º .  \nIn Engineering Graphics, the projection of one face of an object usually will not provide an overall description of the object; other planes of projection must be used. To create the necessary 2D views, the point of sight is changed to project different views of the same object; hence, each view is from a different point of sight. If the point of sight is moved to the front ofthe object, this will result in the front view of the object. And then move the point of sight to the top of the object and looking down at the top, and then move to the right side of the object, as the case may be. Each additional view requires a new point of sight.  \nMultiview Orthographic Projection  \nIn creating multiview orthographic projection, different systems of projection can be used to create the necessary views to fully describe the 3D object. In the figure below, two perpendicular planes are established to form the image planes for a multiview orthographic projection.  \nThe angles formed between the horizontal and ","cbCaig2QDmxK0XTd","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaig2QDmxK0XTd","pdf",1022599,45,"English","# Introduction\n# Basic Principle of Projection\n# Orthographic Projection\n# Multiview Orthographic Projection\n## FIRST-ANGLE PROJECTION\n# Getting the 3D Adjuster Model through the Internet\n# Dynamic Rotation","[{\"question\":\"What are the key elements in the basic principle of projection?\",\"answer\":\"The principles focus on the point of sight (station point) and the plane of projection (image plane). These define where the observer views the object and how the 2D view is formed.\"},{\"question\":\"What conditions define an orthographic projection?\",\"answer\":\"Orthographic projection occurs when the projection lines are parallel to each other and the image plane is perpendicular (normal) to those lines, producing an accurate outline of the visible face.\"},{\"question\":\"How does first-angle projection differ in view creation?\",\"answer\":\"In first-angle projection, the object is placed in front of the image planes, and the views are formed by projecting to an image plane located at the back.\"}]","Chapter 4 - Orthographic Projection and Multiview Constructions - orthographic projection principles & AutoCAD commands | PDF",113]