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Drawing on scholarly definitions, the chapter presents creativity as generating ideas, hypotheses, and evaluations, then outlines four categories—Big-C, Pro-c, Little-c, and Mini-c—highlighting their boundaries, development over time, and relevance to school-age learners.",{"@graph":14,"@context":71},[15,34,54],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/chapter-4-innovation-and-creativity/645235/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":48,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":49,"interactionStatistic":50},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/chapter-4-innovation-and-creativity/645235.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"OmBimo","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-23",true,{"@type":51,"interactionType":52,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":53},"ViewAction",{"@type":55,"mainEntity":56},"FAQPage",[57,63,67],{"name":58,"@type":59,"acceptedAnswer":60},"How does the chapter define innovation?","Question",{"text":61,"@type":62},"Innovation is described as new ideas, new ways of looking at things, and new methods or products with value. It involves producing or doing something differently and typically requires hard work, persistence, and perseverance.","Answer",{"name":64,"@type":59,"acceptedAnswer":65},"How is creativity linked to innovation?",{"text":66,"@type":62},"Creativity is presented as an active learning process necessarily involved in innovation. The chapter notes that the creative process is at the heart of innovation and the terms are often used interchangeably.",{"name":68,"@type":59,"acceptedAnswer":69},"What are the four categories of creativity and why do they matter?",{"text":70,"@type":62},"The chapter outlines Big-C, Pro-c, Little-c, and Mini-c creativity. It emphasizes that their boundaries can blur, people can fit multiple categories, and schools are especially relevant to little-c and mini-c forms.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":73,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":75,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":77,"site_id":7},645235,1792727603,{"code":4,"msg":80,"data":81},"success",[82,86,90,94,99,104,109,113,118,121,125],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":83,"show_sort_weight":84,"slug":85},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":87,"show_sort_weight":88,"slug":89},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":91,"show_sort_weight":92,"slug":93},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":95,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":96,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":98},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":100,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":101,"show_sort_weight":102,"slug":103},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":105,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":106,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":111,"slug":112},8,30,"research-report",{"id":114,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":115,"show_sort_weight":116,"slug":117},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":119,"show_sort_weight":116,"slug":120},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":122,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":123,"show_sort_weight":122,"slug":124},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":127,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":128},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":80,"data":130},{"doc_id":77,"user_id":131,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":110,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":138,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":78,"read_time":143},962090893581,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Chapter 4: Innovation and creativity  \nElectricity is not only present in a magnificent thunderstorm and dazzling lightning, but also in a lamp; so also, creativity exists not only where it creates great historical works, but also everywhere human imagination combines, changes, and creates anything new.  \nLev Vygotsky, 1930/1967, cited in Smolucha, 1992, p. 54  \nOverview  \nInnovation and creativity are fundamental to all academic disciplines and educational activities, not just the arts. The creative process, as with reflection considered in the previous chapter, is a critical component of making sense of learning experiences. A number of approaches to teaching and learning are considered in this chapter that help to nurture creativity and innovation. See Figure 6 for a visual overview (page 58).  \nWhat are innovation and creativity?  \nInnovation can be broadly thought of as new ideas, new ways of looking at things, new methods or products that have value. Innovation contains the idea of output, of actually producing or doing something differently, making something happen or implementing something new. Innovation almost always involves hard work; persistence and perseverance are necessary as many good ideas never get followed through and developed.  \nCreativity is an active process necessarily involved in innovation. It is a learning habit that requires skill as well as specific understanding of the contexts in which creativity is being applied. The creative process is at the heart of innovation and often the words are used interchangeably.  \nAccording to Kampylis and Berki (2014, p. 6):  \n‘Creative thinking is defined as the thinking that enables students to apply their imagination to generating ideas, questions and hypotheses, experimenting with alternatives and to evaluating their own and their peers’ ideas, final products and processes.’  \nKaufman and Beghetto (2009, p. 6) developed four categories of creativity  \nwhich help to reveal the nuances between different levels and types of creativity. See Table 11 (page 54).  \n53 Developing the Cambridge learner attributes  \nChapter 4 continued  \nTable 11: Four categories of creativity  \n\n| Big-C creativity (sometimes called ‘high’ creativity) | Big-C creativity is reserved to describe the work of an elite few who have transformed their discipline with their inventions. Their work has been generally accepted as being innovative and ground-breaking, even if it was considered controversial when it was first created. Some examples are scientific works such as Einstein’s theory of relativity and Darwin’s theory of evolution, and works of art such as Picasso’s Guernica, Jane Austen’s novel Emma or Ludwig van Beethoven’s Symphony No. 9 in D Minor. Big-C creativity is out of reach of most of us, and big-C creators themselves are often as extraordinary as their creations. |\n| --- | --- |\n| Pro-c creativity | This type of creativity has involved time (usually at least 10 years) and effort to develop. A musician who showed promise as a child, has trained to degree level and now makes a living teaching and playing classical music could be classified as pro-c. A physicist working at a university who teaches and undertakes academic research could also be classified as pro-c. |\n| Little-c creativity | Little-c creativity is about ‘acting with flexibility, intelligence and novelty in the everyday’ (Craft, 2005, p. 43). This results in creating something new that has ‘originality and meaningfulness’ (Richards, 2007, p. 5). This everyday kind of creativity can be found in the kind of person who can resolve a complex problem at work, is a keen gardener with an eye for design, or takes creative photographs and exhibits them on a photo-sharing website. School-age learners may work at little-c level if they engage in purposeful practice in their discipline. Little-c creativity involves practice and may be developed over a long period of time. The internet has provided the infrastructure for little-c","cbCaidrzZAdc2U7f","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidrzZAdc2U7f","pdf",2584088,22,"English","# Overview\n# What are innovation and creativity?\n## Innovation\n## Creativity\n# Four categories of creativity\n## Big-C creativity\n## Pro-c creativity\n## Little-c creativity\n## Mini-c creativity\n# Relevance to schools","[{\"question\":\"How does the chapter define innovation?\",\"answer\":\"Innovation is described as new ideas, new ways of looking at things, and new methods or products with value. It involves producing or doing something differently and typically requires hard work, persistence, and perseverance.\"},{\"question\":\"How is creativity linked to innovation?\",\"answer\":\"Creativity is presented as an active learning process necessarily involved in innovation. The chapter notes that the creative process is at the heart of innovation and the terms are often used interchangeably.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the four categories of creativity and why do they matter?\",\"answer\":\"The chapter outlines Big-C, Pro-c, Little-c, and Mini-c creativity. It emphasizes that their boundaries can blur, people can fit multiple categories, and schools are especially relevant to little-c and mini-c forms.\"}]","Chapter 4 - Innovation and creativity | PDF",55]