[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-657261-105":59,"doc-detail-657261-en":129},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":122,"head_meta":124,"extra_data":126,"updated_unix":128},105,"en","chapter-2-the-three-methods-in-simulation-modeling","Chapter 2 - The Three Methods in Simulation Modeling","","Chapter 2 explains three core approaches for mapping real-world systems into models and selecting an appropriate modeling language based on the system and modeling purpose. It compares system dynamics, discrete event modeling, and agent-based modeling using a supermarket example and discusses multi-method modeling when different parts fit different techniques. It then introduces system dynamics principles, emphasizing endogenous causality, feedback loops, and the identification of stocks and flows, followed by an example on new product diffusion.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":30,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/technology/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/chapter-2-the-three-methods-in-simulation-modeling/657261/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/chapter-2-the-three-methods-in-simulation-modeling/657261.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"percent12345","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-26",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"What does “method in simulation modeling” mean?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"A method is a general framework and modeling language for building a model from a real-world system, effectively setting terms and conditions for model construction. It guides how system elements are represented and related.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"How does the choice of modeling method depend on the system?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"The choice depends on the system being modeled and the purpose of the modeling, often also influenced by the modeler’s background or available tools. Different problems can make different methods more natural or elegant.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"Why are feedback loops central in system dynamics?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"Feedback loops represent circular causality and are described as the heart of system dynamics. They help identify how one part of the system influences another in a way that can balance or amplify behavior over time.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},657261,1793030584,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":29,"category_name":30,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":138,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},1099529851338,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Chapter 2. The three methods in simulation modeling  \nBy method in simulation modeling, we mean a general framework for mapping areal-world system to its model. A method suggests a type of language, or \"terms and conditions\" for model building. To date, there exist three methods:  \n• System Dynamics  \n• Discrete Event Modeling  \n• Agent-Based Modeling  \nThe choice of method should be based on the system being modeled and the purpose of the modeling – though often it is most heavily influenced by the background or available tool set of the modeler. Consider Figure 2.1 where the modeler is deciding how best to build a model of a supermarket. Depending on the problem, he may: put together a process flowchart where customers are entities and employees are resources; an agent-based model, where consumers are agents affected by ads, communication, and interaction with agents-employees; or a feedback structure, where sales are in the loop with ads, quality of service, pricing, customer loyalty, and other factors.  \nStocks, flows,  \nfeedbacks  \nAdvertising  \n?  \nLoyalty  \nSales  \nPrice  \nEntities (agents), resources, operations  \n?  \nAgents, behavior rules, interaction  \n?  \nAds   \nConsumers  \nStaff   \nFigure 2.1 The modeler chooses a modeling method  \nSometimes, different parts of the system are best (meaning most naturally or elegantly) modeled using different methods. In this case, a multi-method model is built.  \n2.1. System dynamics  \nSystem dynamics is a method created in the mid-1950s by MIT Professor Jay Forrester, whose original background was in science and engineering. Forrester's idea was to use the laws of physics, in particular the laws of electrical circuits, to describe and investigate the dynamics of economic and, later on, social systems. The principles and the modeling language of system dynamics were formed in the 1950sand early 1960s, and remain unchanged today. Most of the definitions below are taken from (System Dynamics Society, Inc., 2019), Wikipedia, and (Sterman, 2000) .  \n􀀶 System dynamics is a method of studying dynamic systems. It suggests that you should:  \n• Take an endogenous point of view. Model the system as a causally closed structure that itself defines its behavior.  \n• Discover the feedback loops (circular causality) in the system. Feedback loops are the heart of system dynamics.  \n• Identify stocks (accumulations) and the flows that affect them. Stocks are the memory of the system, and sources of disequilibrium.  \n• See things from a certain perspective. Consider individual events and decisions as \"surface phenomena that ride on an underlying tide of system structure and behavior.” Take a continuous view where events and decisions are blurred.  \nTo feel the spirit of system dynamics (especially in the context of comparing different modeling methods), consider a shop with a counterman serving the shop’s clients. The more people come to the shop per hour, the longer the queue grows.  \nYou can build a discrete event model that will give you the length of the queue as a function of the clients’ arrival rate and the service time. However, in a real shop, asthe queue grows longer, some clients may decide not to join the queue, and instead leave the shop. Others may decide to leave the queue after having waited longer than they expected to. In other words, the length of the queue feeds back to inhibit the rate of queue growth. The results of the \"straightforward\" model (sometimes called open-loop models in the system dynamics community), will not be valid unless it addresses these circular causal dependencies. One of the key advantages of the system dynamics approach is to readily and elegantly identify such feedback loops and include them into the model.  \nThis section should not be considered an introduction to system dynamics. This is just a glimpse into a complex area of study and we will provide just one possible scenario of model building to illustrate the methodology. The recommended reading is ","cbCairmLGhwMtm1T","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairmLGhwMtm1T","pdf",1238571,21,"English","# Chapter 2. The three methods in simulation modeling\n## 2.1 System dynamics\n## Example 2.1: New product diffusion","[{\"question\":\"What does “method in simulation modeling” mean?\",\"answer\":\"A method is a general framework and modeling language for building a model from a real-world system, effectively setting terms and conditions for model construction. It guides how system elements are represented and related.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the choice of modeling method depend on the system?\",\"answer\":\"The choice depends on the system being modeled and the purpose of the modeling, often also influenced by the modeler’s background or available tools. Different problems can make different methods more natural or elegant.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are feedback loops central in system dynamics?\",\"answer\":\"Feedback loops represent circular causality and are described as the heart of system dynamics. They help identify how one part of the system influences another in a way that can balance or amplify behavior over time.\"}]","Chapter 2 - The Three Methods in Simulation Modeling | PDF",1792976461,53]