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It outlines two welfare program types, explains means testing, and contrasts majoritarian politics versus client politics with concrete examples. The chapter also analyzes Social Security and Medicare formation and reforms, and examines AFDC as a client welfare policy influenced by federalism and administrative rules.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/chapter-19-social-welfare-study-outline/344269/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/chapter-19-social-welfare-study-outline/344269.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Evangeline","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What are the two basic types of welfare programs discussed in the chapter?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The chapter distinguishes between programs that benefit most or all people (such as Social Security and Medicare) and programs that help only a small number of people (such as Food stamps and Medicaid).","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does the chapter explain majoritarian politics versus client politics?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Majoritarian politics involve broadly distributed benefits and costs, where most pay and many benefit, requiring beneficiaries and political elites to believe in legitimacy. Client politics rely on relatively few benefiting, with public acceptance tied to whether costs seem limited and clients are seen as deserving.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What reforms and cost-related issues does the chapter raise for Social Security and Medicare?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"For Social Security, it highlights problems such as not enough people paying in and lists proposals like raising the retirement age, reducing benefits for high earners, raising payroll taxes, increasing the wage cap, and enabling investment choices. For Medicare, it points to huge costs and inefficiency and considers options such as changing coverage structure and delaying changes via new benefit measures.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},344269,1790142058,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":36,"preview_page_count":4},13056703019662,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/be000253a8e92610077?_k=1778726343310543188","CHAPTER 19  \nSocial Welfare  \nREVIEWING THE CHAPTER  \nCHAPTER FOCUS  \nThis chapter covers more than fifty years of the political history of efforts to establish, maintain, expand, or cut those major programs that give or claim to give government help to individuals in need. After reading and reviewing the material in this chapter, you should be able to do each of the following:  \n1. Describe the goals of the American social welfare system, and contrast its programs with those of the British in terms of centralization.  \n2. Describe the major elements of the American system, including Social Security, Medicare, and AFDC programs.  \n3. Explain why some welfare policies can be considered majoritarian politics and others client politics. Give examples and indicate the political consequences of each.  \n4. Discuss recommendations to deal with the rising costs of Social Security and Medicare as well asthe Welfare Reform Act of 1996.  \nSTUDY OUTLINE  \nI. Introduction  \nA. Two basic types of welfare programs  \n1. First type: benefit most or all people (Examples: Social Security, Medicare)  \n2. Second type: help only a small number of them (Food stamps, Medicaid)  \nB. Some programs are means tested  \n1. First type: are not  \n2. Second type: are  \nC. Politics associated with each are different  \n1. First type: majoritarian politics  \n2. Second type: client politics  \nD. Problems associated with each are different  \n1. First type: Who will pay? And how much?  \n2. Second type: Who will benefit? What form will the benefit take?  \nII. Social welfare in the United States  \nA. Who deserves to benefit?  \n1. Insistence that it be only those who cannot help themselves  \n2. Slow, steady change in deserving/undeserving line  \n3. Alternative view: fair share of national income; government redistribute money  \n4. Preference to give services, not money, to help deserving poor  \nB. Late arrival of welfare policy  \n1. Behind twenty-two European nations  \n2. Contrast with Great Britain in 1908  \nC. Influence of federalism  \n1. Federal involvement “illegal” until 1930s  \n2. Experiments by state governments  \na) Argued against federal involvement because state already providing welfare  \nb) Lobbied for federal involvement to help states  \nD. Administration via grants and contracts to non-governmental institutions  \n1. For-profit firms and non-profit organizations  \n2. Religious non-profit organizations and small community-based groups  \na) Charitable Choice enjoyed bipartisan support in 1996  \nb) Prohibited proselytizing, instruction or worship services  \nc) Bush’s call for expansion led to a political firestorm  \nd) Increases in awards, programs and public support  \nE. Majoritarian welfare programs  \n1. Social Security Act of 1935  \na) Great Depression of 1929: local relief overwhelmed  \nb) Elections of 1932: Democrats and Franklin Roosevelt swept in  \n(1) Legal and political roadblocks; was direct welfare unconstitutional?  \n(2) Fear of more radical movements  \n(a) Long’s “Share Our Wealth”  \n(b) Sinclair’s “End Poverty in California”  \n(c) Townsend’s old-age program  \nc) Cabinet Committee’s two-part plan  \n(1) “Insurance” for unemployed and elderly  \n(2) “Assistance” for dependent children, blind, aged  \n(3) Federally funded, state-administered program under means test  \n2. Medicare Act of 1965  \na) Medical benefits omitted in 1935: controversial but done to ensure passage  \nb) Opponents  \n(1) AMA  \n(2) House Ways and Means Committee under Wilbur Mills  \nc) 1964 elections: Democrats’ big majority altered Ways and Means  \nd) Objections anticipated in plan  \n(1) Application only to aged, not everybody  \n(2) Only hospital, not doctors’, bills covered  \ne) Broadened by Ways and Means to include Medicaid for poor; pay doctors’ bills for elderly  \nF. Reforming majoritarian welfare programs  \n1. Social Security  \na) Not enough people paying into Social Security  \nb) Proposals under consideration  \n(1) Raise retirement age  \n(2) Reduce benefits for high earners","cbCaieqGMzlNx3bj","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieqGMzlNx3bj","pdf",168275,16,"English","# Reviewing the Chapter\n## Chapter Focus\n## Study Outline\n# Introduction\n## Two basic types of welfare programs\n## Some programs are means tested\n## Politics and problems associated with each\n# Social welfare in the United States\n## Who deserves to benefit?\n## Late arrival of welfare policy\n## Influence of federalism\n## Administration via grants and contracts\n## Majoritarian welfare programs\n## Reforming majoritarian welfare programs\n## A client welfare policy: AFDC\n# Majoritarian versus client politics\n## Definitions and contrasts\n## Legitimacy and political consequences","[{\"question\":\"What are the two basic types of welfare programs discussed in the chapter?\",\"answer\":\"The chapter distinguishes between programs that benefit most or all people (such as Social Security and Medicare) and programs that help only a small number of people (such as Food stamps and Medicaid).\"},{\"question\":\"How does the chapter explain majoritarian politics versus client politics?\",\"answer\":\"Majoritarian politics involve broadly distributed benefits and costs, where most pay and many benefit, requiring beneficiaries and political elites to believe in legitimacy. Client politics rely on relatively few benefiting, with public acceptance tied to whether costs seem limited and clients are seen as deserving.\"},{\"question\":\"What reforms and cost-related issues does the chapter raise for Social Security and Medicare?\",\"answer\":\"For Social Security, it highlights problems such as not enough people paying in and lists proposals like raising the retirement age, reducing benefits for high earners, raising payroll taxes, increasing the wage cap, and enabling investment choices. For Medicare, it points to huge costs and inefficiency and considers options such as changing coverage structure and delaying changes via new benefit measures.\"}]","CHAPTER 19 - Social Welfare - Study Outline | PDF",1790053319]