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It defines key terms such as costs, benefits, and perceived legitimacy, then distinguishes four politics types: majoritarian, interest group, client, and entrepreneurial. The outline traces how beliefs, values, institutions, state actions, and critical events shape the evolving agenda, and it applies the framework to business regulation, comparing antitrust and regulation patterns across eras.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/chapter-17-the-policy-making-process-reviewing-the-chapter/344260/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/chapter-17-the-policy-making-process-reviewing-the-chapter/344260.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Evangeline","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-23","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",14,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What does Chapter 17 focus on and what should readers be able to do after studying it?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It shifts from institutions to the policies those institutions produce. It also guides readers to explain agenda-setting, identify costs and benefits, define four politics types with examples, apply them to business regulation history, and discuss how perceptions and values affect public policy formation.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does the chapter explain the process of setting the public agenda?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It emphasizes that shared beliefs determine legitimacy, outlines how the legitimate scope of government action can expand, and shows how groups and institutions add new issues. It also describes how states can pioneer laws and how the agenda evolves through changing attitudes and critical events.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How are costs and benefits used to analyze political power and coalitions?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Costs are burdens and benefits are satisfactions, either monetary or nonmonetary. The chapter stresses that perception matters, people evaluate whether group benefits are legitimate, and perceived distribution shapes political coalitions even if it does not determine who wins.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},344260,1790419314,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},13056703019662,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/be000253a8e92610077?_k=1778726343310543188","CHAPTER 17  \nThe Policy-Making Process  \nREVIEWING THE CHAPTER  \nCHAPTER FOCUS  \nIn this chapter we move from the study of political and governmental institutions (president, Congress, courts, etc.) to the study of the policies that all those institutions have produced. The purpose of this chapter is to provide you with a set of categories (majoritarian, interest group, client, and entrepreneurial politics) to help you better understand politics in general and the remainder of the book in particular. After reading and reviewing the material in this chapter, you should be able to do each of the following:  \n1. Explain how certain issues at certain times get placed on the public agenda for action.  \n2. Identify the terms costs, benefits, and perceived as used in this chapter.  \n3. Use these terms to define the four types of politics presented in the text—majoritarian, interest group, client, and entrepreneurial—giving examples of each.  \n4. Review the history of business regulation in this country, using it to exemplify these four types of politics.  \n5. Discuss the roles played in the process of public policy formation by people’s perceptions, beliefs, interests, and values.  \nSTUDY OUTLINE  \nI. Setting the agenda  \nA. Most important decision affecting policy-making is deciding what belongs on the political agenda  \n1. Shared beliefs determine what is legitimate  \n2. Legitimacy affected by  \na) Shared political values  \nb) Weight of custom and tradition  \nc) Changes in way political elites think about politics  \nB. The legitimate scope of government action  \n1. Always gets larger  \na) Changes in public’s attitudes  \nb) Influence of events  \n2. May be enlarged without public demand even when conditions improving  \n3. Groups: a motivating force in adding new issues  \na) May be organized (corporations) or disorganized (urban minorities)  \nb) May react to sense of relative deprivation—people’s feeling that they are worse off than they expected to be  \nExample: Riots of the 1960s  \nc) May produce an expansion of government agenda Example: New commissions and laws  \nd) May change the values and beliefs of others Example: White response to urban riots  \n4. Institutions a second force adding new issues  \na) Major institutions: courts, bureaucracy, Senate, national media  \nb) Courts  \n(1) Make decisions that force action by other branches: school desegregation, abortion  \n(2) Change the political agenda  \nc) Bureaucracy  \n(1) Source of political innovation: size and expertise  \n(2) Thinks up problems to solve  \n(3) Forms alliances with senators and their staffs  \nd) Senate  \n(1) Once a slow moving, status quo club  \n(2) Influx of liberal activist Senators in the 1960s  \n(3) Now―contrary to the intent of the Framers―a major source of change  \ne) Media  \n(1) Help place issues on political agenda  \n(2) Publicize those issues raised by others, such as safety standards proposed by Senate  \n5. Action by the states  \na) Sometimes laws are pioneered in states  \nb) State attorneys general can file suits against businesses that result in settlements binding throughout the country  \n6. Evolution of political agenda  \na) Changes in popular attitudes that result in gradual revision of the agenda b) Critical events, spurring rapid changes in attitudes  \nc) Elite attitudes and government actions, occasioning volatile and interdependent  \nchange  \nII. Making a decision  \nA. Nature of issue  \n1. Affects politicking  \n2. Affects intensity of political conflict  \nB. Costs and benefits of proposed policy a way to understand how issue affects political power  \n1. Cost: any burden, monetary or nonmonetary  \n2. Benefit: any satisfaction, monetary or nonmonetary  \n3. Two aspects of costs and benefits important:  \na) Perception affects politics  \nb) People consider whether it is legitimate for a group to benefit  \n4. Politics a process of settling disputes about who benefits and who ought to benefit  \n5. People prefer programs that provide benefits at low cost ","cbCailnu2typPNxF","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailnu2typPNxF","pdf",173744,18,"English","# Reviewing the Chapter\n## Chapter Focus\n## Study Outline\n# Setting the agenda\n## Making a decision\n# Majoritarian politics\n# Interest group politics\n# Client politics\n# Entrepreneurial politics\n# The case of business regulation","[{\"question\":\"What does Chapter 17 focus on and what should readers be able to do after studying it?\",\"answer\":\"It shifts from institutions to the policies those institutions produce. It also guides readers to explain agenda-setting, identify costs and benefits, define four politics types with examples, apply them to business regulation history, and discuss how perceptions and values affect public policy formation.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the chapter explain the process of setting the public agenda?\",\"answer\":\"It emphasizes that shared beliefs determine legitimacy, outlines how the legitimate scope of government action can expand, and shows how groups and institutions add new issues. It also describes how states can pioneer laws and how the agenda evolves through changing attitudes and critical events.\"},{\"question\":\"How are costs and benefits used to analyze political power and coalitions?\",\"answer\":\"Costs are burdens and benefits are satisfactions, either monetary or nonmonetary. The chapter stresses that perception matters, people evaluate whether group benefits are legitimate, and perceived distribution shapes political coalitions even if it does not determine who wins.\"}]","CHAPTER 17 - The Policy-Making Process - Reviewing the Chapter | PDF",1790053305,45]