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The study materials cover distinctiveness in the American system, the historical growth of bureaucratic roles, and the federal bureaucracy today, including direct and indirect expansion and discretionary power. It also examines official behavior shaped by recruitment and retention, congressional attempts at control, major bureaucratic “pathologies,” and why reform is difficult, with comparison to the British model.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/chapter-15-the-bureaucracy-review-and-study-outline/344258/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/chapter-15-the-bureaucracy-review-and-study-outline/344258.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Evangeline","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-06","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What key aspects of the federal bureaucracy does Chapter 15 emphasize?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It focuses on the bureaucracy’s authority and character, how members are recruited, and factors explaining how bureaucrats behave in office.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does the study outline describe the growth of bureaucracy over time?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It traces early controversies, the appointment of officials, a shift toward service (1861–1901), and later changes driven by Depression, World War II, heavy income taxes, and post-9/11 restructuring.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What does Chapter 15 say about controlling or reforming the bureaucracy?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"It reviews congressional measures to control bureaucratic behavior, evaluates their effectiveness, lists bureaucratic “pathologies,” and discusses why reform is difficult despite oversight attempts.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},344258,1790689346,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":46,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":31,"preview_page_count":4},13056703019662,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/be000253a8e92610077?_k=1778726343310543188","CHAPTER 15  \nThe Bureaucracy  \nREVIEWING THE CHAPTER  \nCHAPTER FOCUS  \nThis chapter introduces you to what is big about big government: the bureaucracy. Both the distinctiveness and the size of the federal government bureaucracy are reviewed, along with the various roles that have been assigned to it throughout its history. Significant aspects of the bureaucracy today include the extent and character of its authority, how members are recruited, and other factors that help explain the conduct of bureaucrats in office. Finally, the chapter looks at the ways in which Congress attempts to control the behavior of bureaucrats and at various “pathologies” of various large bureaucracies. After reading and reviewing the material in this chapter, you should be able to do each of the following:  \n1. Compare and contrast the American and British models of government bureaucracy.  \n2. Sketch the history of the growth of bureaucracy in this country and the different uses to which it has been put.  \n3. Show how bureaucracy continues to grow today, although the number of persons directly employed by government has not greatly increased lately.  \n4. Discuss the recruitment, retention, and personal characteristics of federal bureaucrats.  \n5. Show how the roles and missions ofthe agencies are affected by both internal and external factors.  \n6. Review congressional measures to control the bureaucracy, and evaluate their effectiveness.  \n7. List the “pathologies” that may affect bureaucracies, and discuss whether they are relevant to the federal government bureaucracy today.  \n8. Discuss why it is so difficult to reform the bureaucracy.  \nSTUDY OUTLINE  \nI. Distinctiveness of the American bureaucracy  \nA. Constitutional system and traditions  \n1. Supervision shared  \n2. A federalist structure shares functions  \n3. Adversary culture leads to defense of rights and lawsuits  \nB. Scope of bureaucracy  \n1. Little public ownership of industry in the United States  \n2. High degree of regulation in the United States of private industries  \nC. Proxy government  \n1. Bureaucrats have others do work for them: state and local governments, business firmsand nonprofit organizations  \n2. Examples: Social Security, Medicare, much environmental protection, collecting income taxes, many military duties and FEMA  \n3. Points of debate  \na) Concerns about how third parties use the money we give them b) Congress and the president like to keep the bureaucracy small c) Defenders highlight flexibility, principles of federalism and good use of private  \nand nonprofit skills  \nII. The growth of the bureaucracy  \nA. The early controversies  \n1. Senate consent to removal of officials is challenged by supporters of a strong president  \n2. President is given sole removal power but Congress funds and investigates  \nB. The appointment of officials  \n1. Officials affect how laws are interpreted, the tone of their administration, and their effectiveness  \n2. Use of patronage in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to reward supporters  \n3. Civil War a watershed in bureaucratic growth; showed the weakness of federal government  \nC. A service role  \n1. 1861–1901: shift in role from regulation to service  \n2. Reflects desire for limited government, laissez-faire beliefs, and the Constitution’s silence  \nD. A change in role  \n1. Depression and World War II lead to a role of government activism  \n2. Introduction of heavy income taxes supports a large bureaucracy  \n3. Impact of 9/11 terrorist attacks  \na) Creation of the Department of Homeland Security  \nb) Consolidation of federal agencies  \nc) Authority over dozens of intergovernmental grant-making agencies d) Further consolidation and a new National Intelligence Director  \nIII. The federal bureaucracy today  \nA. Direct and indirect growth  \n1. Modest increase in the number of government employees  \n2. Indirect increase through the use of private contractors much greater  \n3. Most federal executive departments have reduced wor","cbCaipjAbnxQTPnL","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipjAbnxQTPnL","pdf",132181,"English","# Reviewing the Chapter\n## Chapter Focus\n## Study Outline\n### I. Distinctiveness of the American bureaucracy\n### II. The growth of the bureaucracy\n### III. The federal bureaucracy today","[{\"question\":\"What key aspects of the federal bureaucracy does Chapter 15 emphasize?\",\"answer\":\"It focuses on the bureaucracy’s authority and character, how members are recruited, and factors explaining how bureaucrats behave in office.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the study outline describe the growth of bureaucracy over time?\",\"answer\":\"It traces early controversies, the appointment of officials, a shift toward service (1861–1901), and later changes driven by Depression, World War II, heavy income taxes, and post-9/11 restructuring.\"},{\"question\":\"What does Chapter 15 say about controlling or reforming the bureaucracy?\",\"answer\":\"It reviews congressional measures to control bureaucratic behavior, evaluates their effectiveness, lists bureaucratic “pathologies,” and discusses why reform is difficult despite oversight attempts.\"}]","CHAPTER 15 - The Bureaucracy - Review and Study Outline | PDF",1790053301]