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It explains how journalism developed in American political history, contrasts party press with today’s mass media, and shows how electronic media shape the actions of officials and national candidates. The outline also covers media ownership and control, media rules and regulation, the impact of libel laws and broadcaster policies, and difficulties in assessing media effects. It further reviews adversarial press dynamics and source use, plus how administrations may respond.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/chapter-12-the-media-study-guide/344255/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/chapter-12-the-media-study-guide/344255.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Evangeline","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What relationship does the chapter describe between government and the news media?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It examines how the media affect government and politics, and how government seeks to affect the media.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the chapter distinguish party press from today’s mass media?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It explains the evolution of journalism in American political history and highlights differences between the party press and modern mass media.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What factors does the chapter cover about media rules and regulation?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It outlines rules governing the media, contrasts regulation of electronic versus print media, and discusses how libel laws and government rules affect freedom of the press and broadcasters.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},344255,1791694324,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":46,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":31,"preview_page_count":4},13056703019662,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/be000253a8e92610077?_k=1778726343310543188","CHAPTER 12  \nThe Media  \nREVIEWING THE CHAPTER  \nCHAPTER FOCUS  \nIn this chapter you examine the historical evolution and current status of relations between the government and the news media—how the media affect government and politics and how government seeks to affect the media.  \nAfter reading and reviewing the material in this chapter, you should be able to do each of the following:  \n1. Describe the evolution of journalism in American political history, and describe the differences between the party press and the mass media of today.  \n2. Demonstrate how the characteristics of the electronic media have affected the actions of public officials and candidates for national office.  \n3. Describe the effect of the pattern of ownership and control of the media on the dissemination of news, and show how wire services and television networks have affected national news coverage. Discuss the influence of the national press.  \n4. Describe the rules that govern the media, and contrast the regulation of electronic and print media. Describe the effect of libel laws on freedom of the press and of government rules on broadcasters.  \n5. Assess the effect of the media on politics, and discuss why it is difficult to find evidence that can be used to make a meaningful and accurate assessment. Explain why the executive branch probably benefits at the expense of Congress.  \n6. Describe the adversarial press and how reporters use their sources. Describe how an administration can develop tactics to use against the adversarial press.  \nSTUDY OUTLINE  \nI. Introduction  \nA. New media v. the old media  \n1. New media: television and the Internet  \n2. Old media: newspapers and magazines  \n3. New media getting stronger  \na) 60 Minutes story on Bush and the National Guard  \nb) Bloggers rebuttal  \nc) Young people and the Internet  \nB. Media and public officials  \n1. Love-hate relationship  \na) The media advance careers and causes  \nb) But the media also criticize, expose and destroy  \n2. Relationship shaped by laws and understandings that accord tremendous degree of freedom for the media  \na) Cross national study of freedom of press  \n(1) Comparisons with Great Britain  \n(a) Libel law in Great Britain  \n(b) Official Secrets Act (Great Britain)  \n(c) Freedom of Information Act (United States)  \n(d) Government regulation of press in other nations (Austria, France, Italy)  \nb) The media landscape in the United States  \n(1) Long tradition of private ownership  \n(2) No licensing for newspapers  \n(3) Licenses and F.C.C. regulation for radio and television  \n(4) Potential limits to freedom  \n(a) The need for profit  \n(b) Media bias  \nII. Journalism in American political history  \nA. The party press  \n1. Parties created and subsidized various newspapers  \n2. Circulation was small, newspapers expensive, advertisers few  \n3. Newspapers circulated among political and commercial elites  \nB. The popular press  \n1. Changes in society and technology made the press self-supporting and able to reach mass readership  \na) High-speed press  \nb) Telegraph  \nc) Associated Press, 1848; objective reporting  \nd) Urbanization allowed large numbers to support paper  \ne) Government Printing Office; end of subsidies in 1860  \n2. Influence of publishers, editors created partisan bias  \na) “Yellow journalism” to attract readers  \nb) Hearst foments war against Spain  \n3. Emergence of a common national culture  \nC. Magazines of opinion  \n1. Middle class favors new, progressive periodicals  \na) Nation, Atlantic, Harper’s in 1850s and 1860s on behalf of certain issues  \nb) McClure’s, Scribner’s, Cosmopolitan later on  \n2. Individual writers gain national followings through investigative reporting  \n3. Number of competing newspapers declines, as does sensationalism  \n4. Today the number of national magazines focusing on politics accounts for a small and declining fraction of magazines  \nD. Electronic journalism  \n1. Radio arrives in the 1920s, television in the 1940s  \n2. Politicians cou","cbCaich1QyYIuH47","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaich1QyYIuH47","pdf",190885,"English","# Reviewing the Chapter\n## Chapter Focus\n## Study Outline\n### Introduction\n### Journalism in American political history\n### The structure of the media","[{\"question\":\"What relationship does the chapter describe between government and the news media?\",\"answer\":\"It examines how the media affect government and politics, and how government seeks to affect the media.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the chapter distinguish party press from today’s mass media?\",\"answer\":\"It explains the evolution of journalism in American political history and highlights differences between the party press and modern mass media.\"},{\"question\":\"What factors does the chapter cover about media rules and regulation?\",\"answer\":\"It outlines rules governing the media, contrasts regulation of electronic versus print media, and discusses how libel laws and government rules affect freedom of the press and broadcasters.\"}]","CHAPTER 12 - The Media - Study guide | PDF",1790053301]