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After reading and reviewing the material in this chapter, you should be able to do each of the following:  \n1. List the two basic questions to be asked about American (or any other) government, and show that they are distinct questions.  \n2. Explain what is meant bypower in general human terms and by political power in particular, relating the latter to authority, legitimacy, and democracy in the context of American government.  \n3. Distinguish among the two concepts of democracy mentioned in the chapter, explaining in which of these senses the textbook refers to American government as democratic.  \n4. Differentiate between majoritarian politics and elitist politics, explaining the four major theories of the latter.  \n5. Explain how political change makes political scientists cautious in stating how politics works or what values dominate it.  \nSTUDY OUTLINE  \nI. Introduction  \nA. Government failures  \n1. The 9/11 attacks and the passage of homeland security measures  \n2. Government response to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita  \nB. Government successes  \n1. Reducing poverty among the elderly  \n2. Building the interstate highway system  \n3. Improving public health  \n4. Rebuilding war-torn Europe  \nII. Who governs? To what ends?  \nA. Division as a source of“politics”  \nB. Who governs?  \n1. What is done to us and for us may depend on who governs  \n2. Identifying who governs can be difficult  \n3. Competing views cannot all be correct  \nC. To what ends?  \n1. Government affects our lives in many ways  \n2. This can be seen in larger, longer perspectives  \nD. Who governs does not necessarily determine to what ends  \nIII. What is political power?  \nA. Definition: the ability of one person to get another person to act in accordance with the first person’s intentions  \n1. Can be exercised in an obvious or subtle manner  \n2. Can be found in all human relationships  \na) Text limits focus to power as exercised by public officials and government  \nb) Recognition that, increasingly, matter once considered “private” are considered“public”  \nB. Authority: the right to use power  \n1. Normally easier to exercise power with a claim of right  \n2. “Formal authority” when vested in a governmental office  \nC. Legitimacy: what makes a law or constitution a source of right  \n1. Historical struggles over what constitutes legitimate authority  \n2. 2004 election and gay marriage  \n3. Our sense of legitimacy is tied to the desire for democratic government  \nD. What is democracy?  \n1. Aristotelian “rule of the many”(direct or participatory democracy)  \na) Fourth-century B.C. Greek city-state or polis  \nb) New England town meeting  \nc) Abandoned as size of towns increased and issues became more complex  \n2. Acquisition of power by leaders via competitive elections (representative democracy)  \na) Sometimes disapprovingly referred to as elitist theory  \nb) Justifications of representative democracy  \n(1) Direct democracy can be impractical  \n(2) The people are affected by passions and demagogues  \nE. Is representative democracy best?  \n1. Text uses the term democracy to refer to representative democracy  \na) The Constitution does not contain the word democracy but the phrase “republican form of government”  \nb) Representative democracy requires genuine competition for leadership  \n(1) Individuals and parties must be able to run for office  \n(2) Communication must be free  \n(3) Voters must perceive meaningful choices  \n(4) And other important questions―with multiple answers―remain regarding the number of offices, how many officials (elected and appointed), the financing of campaigns, etc.  \n2. Virtues of direct democracy can be reclaimed through  \na) Community control  \nb) Citizen partici","cbCaisQqLlweSs2B","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisQqLlweSs2B","pdf",165491,16,"English","# Reviewing the Chapter\n## Chapter Focus\n## Study Outline\n# Introduction\n## Government failures\n## Government successes\n# Who governs? To what ends?\n## Division as a source of “politics”\n## Who governs?\n## To what ends?\n# What is political power?\n## Definition\n## Authority\n## Legitimacy\n## What is democracy?\n## Is representative democracy best?\n# How is political power distributed?","[{\"question\":\"What should readers be able to do after studying Chapter 1?\",\"answer\":\"Readers can list and distinguish two core questions about government, explain power and political power, differentiate democracy concepts used in the chapter, compare majoritarian and elitist politics, and describe why political change affects how cautiously political scientists state how politics works.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the chapter define political power and connect it to other concepts?\",\"answer\":\"Political power is described as the ability to get another person to act according to one’s intentions. The chapter relates political power to authority, legitimacy, and democracy in the context of American government.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the difference between majoritarian and non-majoritarian (elite) politics?\",\"answer\":\"Majoritarian politics emphasizes leaders being constrained closely by the people’s wishes, especially when issues are simple and feasible. Non-majoritarian (or elite) politics holds that public opinion may be unknown or not consulted, with policy detail likely shaped by more informed and motivated participants.\"}]","CHAPTER 1 - The Study of American Government - Review and Study Outline | PDF",1790053271]