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CCT expression is mined from UALCAN and GEO, validated by immunohistochemistry, and analyzed for mutation, promoter methylation, and prognostic significance via cBioPortal, PrognoScan, GEPIA2.0, and related hub gene analyses. Immune infiltration and TCGA-based bioinformatics link elevated CCTs to advanced disease, poor prognosis, and Th2 cell infiltration.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/chaperonin-containing-tcp-1-subunit-genes-are-potential-prognostic-biomarkers-and-are-correlated-with-th2-cell-infiltration-in-lung-adenocarcinoma-an-observational-study/337799/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/chaperonin-containing-tcp-1-subunit-genes-are-potential-prognostic-biomarkers-and-are-correlated-with-th2-cell-infiltration-in-lung-adenocarcinoma-an-observational-study/337799.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Ivy","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",14,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is the main purpose of this observational study?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"To evaluate whether chaperonin-containing TCP-1 subunit genes (CCTs) can serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in lung adenocarcinoma and to explore their relationship with immune cell infiltration.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How was CCTs expression in LUAD assessed and validated?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"CCTs expression was evaluated using databases such as UALCAN and the Gene Expression Omnibus, then validated experimentally with immunohistochemistry (IHC).",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What immune-related association was reported for CCTs in LUAD?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Immune cell infiltration analysis indicated that CCTs expression in tumor tissues is related to T helper type 2 (Th2) cell infiltration.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},337799,1790097565,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":105,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},549758252649,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/8000253669c5317157?_k=1778319167496531819","®  \n Observational Study   \nChaperonin-containing TCP-1 subunit genes are potential prognostic biomarkers and are correlated with Th2 cell infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma  \nAn observational study  \nRuijuan Du, MDa ,b , Zijun Zhou, BSa , Yunlong Huang, BSa , Kai Li, MDa ,b , Kelei Guo, MDa ,b , Li Han, MDa ,b ,* , Hua Bian, MDa ,b  \n\n| Abstract\u003Cbr>A family of molecular chaperone complexes called chaperonin-containing T-complex protein 1 (TCP-1) subunit genes (CCTs) aids in the folding of numerous proteins. With regard to lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), this study provided a thorough understanding of the diagnostic and prognostic use of CCTs. The expression of CCTs in LUAD was evaluated by using databases including UALCANand the Gene Expression Omnibus. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was conducted to validate the expression of CCTs in LUAD. The mutation in the CCTs was identified through the cBioPortal database, while promoter methylation was measured by the UALCAN database. The prognostic value of CCTs was evaluated using the PrognoScan analysis. The GEPIA2 .0 database was used to measure the prognostic value of CCTs and associated Hub genes. Correlation analysis between CCTs expression in LUAD was based on the GEPIA2 .0 database. The ROC curves, clinical correlation analysis, gene ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome analysis, and immune cell infiltration analysis were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and then analyzed and visualized using the R language. The STRING database was used for protein–protein interaction analysis. Upregulation of CCTs expression in patients with LUAD indicated advanced diseases and a poor prognosis. ROC curve analysis revealed that the CCTs may serve as diagnostic indicators. The functional enrichment analysis showed that CCTs were involved in the mitosis-mediated cell cycle process. Additionally, 10 hub genes associated with CCTs that were linked to LUAD prognosis and tumor progression were identified. Immune cell infiltration analysis showed that CCTs expression in tumor tissues tends to be related to T helper type 2 cell infiltration. This study revealed that CCTs may serve as valuable biomarkers for the diagnosis and targeted therapy of LUAD. |\n| --- |\n| Abbreviations: CCTs = chaperonin-containing TCP-1 (T-complex protein 1) subunit genes, DFS = disease-free survival, GEO = Gene Expression Omnibus, HSPs = heat shock proteins, LUAD = lung adenocarcinoma, LUSC = lung squamous cell carcinoma, NSCLC = non-small-cell lung cancer, OS = overall survival, TCGA = The Cancer Genome Atlas, Th2 = T helper type 2, UCEC = uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma. |\n| Keywords: bioinformatics, biomarker, CCTs, immune cell infiltration, lung adenocarcinoma |\n\n1. Introduction  \nLung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies and accounts for most cancer-related deaths globally. Approximately 2.20 million new cases and 1.79 million deaths  \noccur annually due to lung cancer.[1] Lung cancer outcomes have remained poor in recent years despite a decline in the mortality rate. [1] Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprises approximately 85% of all subtypes of lung cancer.[2] The  \nThis study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82273058), the Science and Technology Project of Henan Province (No. 222102310156), and the Talent Program of Central China: Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talent (No. 234200510006).  \nThe authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.  \nThe datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.  \nThe present study was performed with the approval of the Institutional Ethics Committee of Shanghai Outdo Biotech Company [approval number:  \nSHYJS-CP-1904007]. All participants provided written informed consent before undergoing surgical treatment.  \nThis manuscript was previously posted to Research Square: doi: [https://doi](https://doi","cbCaipnTSX0jaGkD","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipnTSX0jaGkD","pdf",6792032,"English","# Introduction\n# Observational Study Methods\n## CCTs expression and validation\n## Genomic alteration and methylation analysis\n## Prognostic and diagnostic evaluation\n## Functional enrichment and protein interaction\n## Immune cell infiltration analysis\n# Results","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of this observational study?\",\"answer\":\"To evaluate whether chaperonin-containing TCP-1 subunit genes (CCTs) can serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in lung adenocarcinoma and to explore their relationship with immune cell infiltration.\"},{\"question\":\"How was CCTs expression in LUAD assessed and validated?\",\"answer\":\"CCTs expression was evaluated using databases such as UALCAN and the Gene Expression Omnibus, then validated experimentally with immunohistochemistry (IHC).\"},{\"question\":\"What immune-related association was reported for CCTs in LUAD?\",\"answer\":\"Immune cell infiltration analysis indicated that CCTs expression in tumor tissues is related to T helper type 2 (Th2) cell infiltration.\"}]","Chaperonin-containing TCP-1 subunit genes are potential prognostic biomarkers and are correlated with Th2 cell infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma - An observational study | PDF",1790020676,35]