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Diverse tumor biology and extensive heterogeneity limit the transferability of genetic profiling and reduce reliable biomarkers for treatment response. This review summarizes barriers across tissue sampling, functional and standardized screening development, and data infrastructure for precision medicine programs. It also examines ethical issues in consent, privacy, and health equity, and proposes strategies to improve accessibility, education, and regulatory frameworks while emphasizing interdisciplinary collaboration.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/challenges-in-implementing-comprehensive-precision-medicine-screening-for-ovarian-cancer/331668/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/challenges-in-implementing-comprehensive-precision-medicine-screening-for-ovarian-cancer/331668.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Theodora","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is implementing precision medicine in ovarian cancer particularly challenging?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Ovarian cancer shows highly diverse tumor biology and extensive heterogeneity, which can limit how well genetic profiling translates into clinically useful biomarkers of treatment response.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which genetic alterations are most actionable for ovarian cancer precision medicine?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Mutations in homologous recombination pathway genes BRCA1/2 occur in only a subset of hereditary ovarian cancer cases, and BRCA1/2 pathogenic mutations or homologous recombination deficiency help define patients likely to benefit from PARP inhibitors.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What practical obstacles affect functional precision medicine screening and data use?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Barriers include obtaining adequate and representative tissue samples, developing functional and standardized screening methods (especially scalable 3D approaches), and managing data infrastructure, ethics, consent, privacy, and health equity.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},331668,1791336978,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":36},687197207919,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/a000253d6f5f7c60be?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779446848396160552","Review  \nChallenges in Implementing Comprehensive Precision Medicine Screening for Ovarian Cancer  \nLaura R. Moffitt 1,2, Nazanin Karimnia 1,2, Amy L. Wilson 1,2, Andrew N. Stephens 1,2, Gwo-Yaw Ho 3,4 and Maree Bilandzic 1,2, *  \nCitation: Moffitt, L.R.; Karimnia, N.; Wilson, A.L.; Stephens, A.N.; Ho, G.-Y.; Bilandzic, M. Challenges in Implementing Comprehensive Precision Medicine Screening for Ovarian Cancer. Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31, 8023–8038. [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)curroncol31120592  \nReceived: 26 November 2024  \nRevised: 13 December 2024  \nAccepted: 16 December 2024  \nPublished: 18 December 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia; [laura.moffitt@hudson.org.au](laura.moffitt@hudson.org.au) (L.R.M.); [naz.karimnia@monash.edu](naz.karimnia@monash.edu) (N.K.); [amy.wilson@hudson.org.au](amy.wilson@hudson.org.au) (A.L.W.); [andrew.n.stephens@monash.edu](andrew.n.stephens@monash.edu) (A.N.S.)  \n2 Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia  \n3 School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia; [gwo-yaw.ho@monash.edu](gwo-yaw.ho@monash.edu)  \n4 Department of Oncology, Monash Health, Bentleigh 3165, Australia  \n* [Correspondence: maree.bilandzic@hudson.org.au](Correspondence: maree.bilandzic@hudson.org.au)  \nAbstract: Precision medicine has revolutionised targeted cancer treatments; however, its implementation in ovarian cancer remains challenging. Diverse tumour biology and extensive heterogeneity in ovarian cancer can limit the translatability of genetic profiling and contribute to a lack of biomarkers of treatment response. This review addresses the barriers in precision medicine for ovarian cancer, including obtaining adequate and representative tissue samples for analysis, developing functional and standardised screening methods, and navigating data infrastructure and management. Ethical concerns related to patient consent, data privacy and health equity are also explored. We highlight the socio-economic complexities for precision medicine and propose strategies to overcome these challenges with an emphasis on accessibility and education amongst patients and health professionalsand the development of regulatory frameworks to support clinical integration. Interdisciplinary collaboration is essential to drive progress in precision medicine to improve disease management and ovarian cancer patient outcomes.  \nKeywords: precision medicine; epithelial ovarian cancer; tumour heterogeneity; genomic screening; high-throughput drug screening  \n1. Introduction  \nThe primary challenge in effectively managing ovarian cancer long-term is therapy failure due to recurrence and resistance, which affects up to 90% of patients [1]. While using precision medicine to guide treatment choices has achieved significant success in many cancers including chronic myeloid leukaemia [2], lung [3], and breast cancers [4], only a proportion of ovarian cancer patients are suitable candidates for these targeted approaches due to the unique challenges of ovarian cancer. Consequently, the majority of women with ovarian cancer face limited treatment options, with the emphasis often shifting from curative strategies to palliative care.  \nPrecision medicine traditionally relies on next-generation sequencing (NGS) and the identification of specific genetic markers to guide cancer treatments [5] . However, in the context of ovarian cancer, most genetic alterations are not consistently associated with clinical outcomes [6], which limits the effectiveness o","cbCaivJOfQgOtArC","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivJOfQgOtArC","pdf",705721,16,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# 1. Introduction","[{\"question\":\"Why is implementing precision medicine in ovarian cancer particularly challenging?\",\"answer\":\"Ovarian cancer shows highly diverse tumor biology and extensive heterogeneity, which can limit how well genetic profiling translates into clinically useful biomarkers of treatment response.\"},{\"question\":\"Which genetic alterations are most actionable for ovarian cancer precision medicine?\",\"answer\":\"Mutations in homologous recombination pathway genes BRCA1/2 occur in only a subset of hereditary ovarian cancer cases, and BRCA1/2 pathogenic mutations or homologous recombination deficiency help define patients likely to benefit from PARP inhibitors.\"},{\"question\":\"What practical obstacles affect functional precision medicine screening and data use?\",\"answer\":\"Barriers include obtaining adequate and representative tissue samples, developing functional and standardized screening methods (especially scalable 3D approaches), and managing data infrastructure, ethics, consent, privacy, and health equity.\"}]","Challenges in Implementing Comprehensive Precision Medicine Screening for Ovarian Cancer | PDF",1789994536]