[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-331858-105":59,"doc-detail-331858-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","challenges-and-opportunities-to-making-indian-women-cervical-cancer-free","Challenges and opportunities to making Indian women cervical cancer free","","Challenges and opportunities to eliminating cervical cancer in Indian women are examined through global burden data, prevention science, and the WHO 2030 elimination strategy. The text emphasizes that cervical cancer remains a major public health problem in India despite being preventable and curable with early detection, screening, and timely treatment. It highlights the central role of HPV infection, the achievements of vaccines, and why implementation is difficult in low- and middle-income settings due to health system gaps, limited awareness, stigma, and vaccine hesitancy, including delayed HPV vaccine adoption and the non-therapeutic nature of available vaccines.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/challenges-and-opportunities-to-making-indian-women-cervical-cancer-free/331858/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/challenges-and-opportunities-to-making-indian-women-cervical-cancer-free/331858.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Patrick","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is cervical cancer difficult to eliminate in India despite being preventable?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The text links persistent high mortality in India to inadequate control and prevention facilities, limited health infrastructure, lack of awareness, low screening coverage, vaccine hesitancy, and insufficient treatment and follow-up care.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What is the WHO strategy for global cervical cancer elimination by 2030?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It calls for three coordinated actions: 90% HPV vaccination, 70% high-performance cervical screening, and 90% early effective treatment for people already infected and those with disease.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Are existing HPV vaccines therapeutic for people already infected with HPV?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"No. The document states that current HPV vaccines are preventive rather than therapeutic, so they cannot eliminate preexisting HPV infections or effectively treat those already infected.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},331858,1790040245,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},549758146520,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/80002397d8c0411e94?_k=1775819394049821470","Indian J Med Res 158, November & December, 2023, pp 470-475 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_ 1052_23  \nViewpoint  \n\n| Quick Response Code: |\n| --- |\n| |\n\nChallenges and opportunities to making Indian women cervical cancer free  \nCervical cancer (CaCx) is the fourth most predominant cancer among women the world over with an estimated 604,127 new cases and about 341,831 deaths reported in 20201. Reportedly, one woman dies due to CaCx every 3 min globally. Despite CaCx is fully preventable and curable if detected early, in India, it is still a major public health problem and ranks second in women and the leading cause of deaths (77,348) annually2,3 . The infection of human papillomavirus (HPV) is established to be the prime causative agent for CaCx, the prevalence of which has been found to be the highest in India2,3 . Therefore, the role of regular screening, early detection and treatment are most essential in reducing morbidity, mortality and burden of cervical cancer.  \nIn 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO) called for the global elimination of CaCx by 2030, by implementing three coordinated interventive actions;(i) 90 per cent HPV vaccination,(ii) 70 per cent highperformance cervical screening and (iii) 90 per cent early effective treatment for those already infected and have diseases1. However, eradication of CaCx in lowand middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly in India and southeast Asia, is highly challenging, hence inordinately delayed. The question arises whether LMICs, in particular India, will at all be able to achieve this goal even with the availability of an affordable new single-dose HPV vaccine, (CERVAVAC®, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Pune) . India with a population of more than 1.4 billion along with a relatively low socioeconomic status, inadequate health infrastructure, lack of trained workforce, limited budget, absence of universal screening, lack of awareness, vaccine hesitancy, social/religious stigma and no effective curative care when compared to those available in developed countries.  \nNumerous epidemiological, experimental, molecular, pathological and clinical studies2 have established that  \ninfection of HPV, a DNA tumour virus, is the principal aetiologic human carcinogen that causes CaCx in women. For this discovery, a Nobel Prize was awarded in 2008 to Harald zurHausen from the German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany ([https://www](https://www). [dkfz.de/en/zurhausen/](dkfz.de/en/zurhausen/)). Of all cancers, it is the first cancer among women which has the effective vaccines to prevent it, early detection methods to screen precancer lesions and access to early treatment as it takes 10-20 years to develop an invasive cancer. An estimated 341,831 deaths were recorded around the globe in 2020 while ⁓91 per cent (312,373) of CaCxrelated deaths were recorded in LMICs compared to only 8.6 per cent in high-income countries (HICs)4. This is mainly due to inadequate control/prevention and treatment facilities5. There are neither many attempts till date to introduce the HPV vaccine in its National Immunization Programme (NIP) nor any initiative for a universal screening programme in India despite the high annual incidence of CaCx and high associated mortalities. It indicates that CaCx is primarily a disease of poor women from LMICs which have no affordable HPV immunization, organized national screening programmes and adequate treatment and follow up facilities are in place. In India, not only almost 100 per cent of CaCx but also 90 per cent of anal, 20-70 per cent head-and-neck and 9-35 per centoesophageal cancers are also associated with high-risk (HR) oncogenic HPV infection, specifically type 166.  \nHPV vaccination is challenging and delayed in India  \nAlthough till date more than 100 countries have introduced the HPV vaccines in their NIP, India and all of South Asian countries which needed this vaccine, most have not been able to introduce it. In fact, in 2009, a ‘demonstration p","cbCaijGV0NLeSdzj","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijGV0NLeSdzj","pdf",556891,"English","# Challenges and opportunities to making Indian women cervical cancer free\n## Global burden, prevention, and WHO elimination goals\n## Barriers to HPV vaccination and screening in India\n## HPV vaccines: preventive role and limitations","[{\"question\":\"Why is cervical cancer difficult to eliminate in India despite being preventable?\",\"answer\":\"The text links persistent high mortality in India to inadequate control and prevention facilities, limited health infrastructure, lack of awareness, low screening coverage, vaccine hesitancy, and insufficient treatment and follow-up care.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the WHO strategy for global cervical cancer elimination by 2030?\",\"answer\":\"It calls for three coordinated actions: 90% HPV vaccination, 70% high-performance cervical screening, and 90% early effective treatment for people already infected and those with disease.\"},{\"question\":\"Are existing HPV vaccines therapeutic for people already infected with HPV?\",\"answer\":\"No. The document states that current HPV vaccines are preventive rather than therapeutic, so they cannot eliminate preexisting HPV infections or effectively treat those already infected.\"}]","Challenges and opportunities to making Indian women cervical cancer free | PDF",1789995522,15]