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The programme began in 2017 and used multiple worker roles, fully automated scanning, online AI triage based on the Bethesda System, an online screening management platform, and mobile devices. From 2017–2021, 1,518,972 women participated, with valid samples in 97.09%. Positive cases received biopsy, identifying precancerous lesions and invasive cancers, while screening costs were US$6.31 per woman for the public payer.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/cervical-cancer-screening-aided-by-artificial-intelligence-china-online-programme-evaluation-in-hubei-province/384755/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/cervical-cancer-screening-aided-by-artificial-intelligence-china-online-programme-evaluation-in-hubei-province/384755.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Genevieve","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-05","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the objective of the programme in Hubei Province?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To implement and evaluate a large-scale online cervical cancer screening programme supported by artificial intelligence and delivered by trained health workers.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How did the programme perform AI-assisted triage and reporting?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Online artificial intelligence classified positive and negative samples after cytological assessment using the Bethesda System, while cytopathologists reviewed positive samples and signed reports online.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What outcomes were reported from 2017 to 2021?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"1,518,972 women participated, 97.09% had valid samples, and among positive samples many required biopsy; precancerous lesions and invasive cancers were identified, with a screening cost of US$6.31 per woman for the public payer.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},384755,1790820788,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},1374391974585,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Research   \nCervical cancer screening aided by artificial intelligence, China  \nXingce Zhu,a Qiang Yao,b Wei Dai,a Lu Ji,a Yifan Yao,a Baochuan Pang,c Bojana Turic,d Lan Yaoa & Zhiyong Liua  \n\n| Objective To implement and evaluate a large-scale online cervical cancer screening programme in Hubei Province, China, supported by artificial intelligence and delivered by trained health workers.\u003Cbr>Methods The screening programme, which started in 2017, used four types of health worker: sampling health workers, slide preparation technicians, diagnostic health workers and cytopathologists. Sampling health workers took samples from the women on site; slide preparation technicians prepared slides for liquid-based cytology; diagnostic health workers identified negative samples and classified positive samples based on the Bethesda System after cytological assessment using online artificial intelligence; and cytopathologists reviewed positive samples and signed reports of the results online. The programme used fully automated scanners, online artificial intelligence, an online screening management platform, and mobile telephone devices to provide screening services. We evaluated the sustainability, performance and cost of the programme.\u003Cbr>Results From 2017 to 2021, 1 518 972 women in 16 cities in Hubei Province participated in the programme, of whom 1 474 788 (97 .09%) had valid samples for the screening. Of the 86 648 women whose samples were positive, 30 486 required a biopsy but only 19 495 had one. The biopsy showed that 2785 women had precancerous lesions and 191 had invasive cancers. The cost of screening was 6.31 United States dollars (US$) per woman for the public payer: US$ 1.03 administrative costs and US$ 5.28 online screening costs.\u003Cbr>Conclusion Cervical cancer screening using artificial intelligence in Hubei Province provided a low-cost, accessible and effective service, which will contribute to achieving universal cervical cancer screening coverage in China. |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| | |\n| Introduction | middle-income countries. WHO has also suggested that cytological techniques still play an important role in screening and |\n| Cervical cancer is a threat to women’s health. According to data | triage.12, 13 However, the widespread use of cytology in China is |\n| released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, | restricted by the lack of trained cytopathologists and dedicated |\n| the cancer research agency of the World Health Organization | laboratories. 14, 15 Furthermore, differences in proficiency of |\n| (WHO), 0.6 million women worldwide were diagnosed with | cytopathologists and the difficulty in maintaining diagnostic |\n| cervical cancer and 0.3 million died from cervical cancer in | consistency among the limited number of cytopathologists |\n| 2020.1 These numbers represent 3.1% of all newly diagnosed | lead to inconsistencies in the quality of diagnosis.14 Resolving |\n| cancers worldwide (making cervical cancer the ninth leading | all these problems is important to facilitate the use of cytology |\n| cancer diagnosis), and 7.7% of global female cancer deaths | in screening. |\n| (making this cancer the fourth leading cause of death in | The need for improved digital health in remote and de- |\n| women) . 1 WHO released the Global strategy to accelerate | prived areas of China has recently been highlighted. 16–18 The |\n| the elimination of cervical cancer in 2020, with the goal of | National Health Commission is encouraging the incorporation |\n| eliminating cervical cancer (a rate of fewer than 4 cases per | of emerging artificial intelligence and internet technologies in |\n| 100 000 women) by 2030. One of the targets is that 70% of | screening to enhance cervical cancer prevention and treat- |\n| women are screened with a high-performance test by 35 years | ment.19 As machine learning develops, artificial intelligence |\n| of age, and again by 45 years of age. Thus far, 194 countries, | has advantages in cervical c","cbCaisaHP4Rww2pl","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisaHP4Rww2pl","pdf",2411928,"English","# Objective\n# Methods\n## Screening workflow and technology\n# Results\n# Conclusion\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What was the objective of the programme in Hubei Province?\",\"answer\":\"To implement and evaluate a large-scale online cervical cancer screening programme supported by artificial intelligence and delivered by trained health workers.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the programme perform AI-assisted triage and reporting?\",\"answer\":\"Online artificial intelligence classified positive and negative samples after cytological assessment using the Bethesda System, while cytopathologists reviewed positive samples and signed reports online.\"},{\"question\":\"What outcomes were reported from 2017 to 2021?\",\"answer\":\"1,518,972 women participated, 97.09% had valid samples, and among positive samples many required biopsy; precancerous lesions and invasive cancers were identified, with a screening cost of US$6.31 per woman for the public payer.\"}]","Cervical cancer screening aided by artificial intelligence, China - Online programme evaluation in Hubei Province | PDF",1790264878,25]