[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-392905-105":59,"doc-detail-392905-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","cerebral-visual-impairment-cvi-in-children-clinical-overview-and-management","Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI) in Children - Clinical overview and management","","This entry reviews recent developments in the identification and management of cerebral visual impairment (CVI) in children. CVI is described as a non-ocular, brain-based condition arising from damage, maldevelopment, or dysfunction of visual pathways and visual processing networks, leading to deficits in visual acuity, color and contrast sensitivity, visual fields, movement perception, visual guidance, and recognition. It highlights co-occurring neurological or developmental conditions and emphasizes standardized diagnostic criteria, functional vision assessment, individualized rehabilitation, and family-centered multidisciplinary neuroplastic habilitation to optimize outcomes.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/cerebral-visual-impairment-cvi-in-children-clinical-overview-and-management/392905/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/cerebral-visual-impairment-cvi-in-children-clinical-overview-and-management/392905.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Sarah ","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-25",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is cerebral visual impairment (CVI) in children?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"CVI is a brain-based deficit of vision and/or visual perception caused by disturbance of visual pathways and visual processing areas, limiting how children use vision in everyday life.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What visual functions can be affected by CVI?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"CVI can cause deficits in visual acuity, color and contrast sensitivity, visual fields, perception of movement, visual guidance of movement, and recognition.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How is CVI diagnosed and managed to achieve optimal outcomes?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Management requires standardized diagnostic criteria with tailored functional vision history taking and assessment, followed by individualized rehabilitation/ habilitation supported by family-centered multidisciplinary intervention.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},392905,1790655855,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":36,"preview_page_count":4},962085320529,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Yu, B., Zhang, X., & Li, X. (2014) . Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 15(3), 4142–4157. [https://doi](https://doi). org/10.3390/ijms15034142  \nYu, J., Huang, D., Liu, H., & Cai, H. (2024) . Optimizing conditions of polyethylene glycol precipitation for exosomes isolation from MSCs culture media for regenerative treatment. Biotechnology Journal, 19(9), 202400374. [https://doi.org/10.22541/au.172529891](https://doi.org/10.22541/au.172529891) . 12768665/v1  \nCerebral Visual Impairment (CVI) in Children  \nMarwa Mostafa AbdelLatif1,  \nYasser Sami Amer 2,3,4, Tarek E. I. Omar 5, Swetha Sara Philip 6 and Gordon N. Dutton 7 1Paediatric Neurology Unit, Alexandria University Children’s Hospital, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt  \n2Paediatrics Department and Clinical Practice Guidelines and Quality Research Unit, Quality Management Department, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia  \n3Research Chair for Evidence-Based Health Care and Knowledge Translation, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia  \n4Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil 5Paediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt  \n6Department of Ophthalmology, North West Regional Hospital, Burnie, TAS, Australia 7Department of Optometry and Visual Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK  \nAbstract  \nThis entry reviews recent developments in identification and management of cerebral visual impairment (CVI) in children; the  \nSupplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at [https://doi](https://doi). org/10.1007/978-3-032-11375-7_235.  \nleading non-ocular cause of childhood visual impairment in developed and developing countries. CVI results from damage, maldevelopment or dysfunction of the visual pathways and visual processing networks in the brain. This causes deficits in clarity of vision (visual acuity), the ability to differentiate shades and colors (color and contrast sensitivity), the amount of the scene that can be perceived (visual fields), as well as impairments in perception of movement, visual guidance of movement and recognition. Visual clutter and auditory noise can limit visual search and attention, while fast movements may not be seen. Many affected children have co-occurring neurological or developmental conditions, most commonly cerebral palsy, epilepsy, or learning disabilities. CVI is not a single condition, as each affected child has their own unique set of visual challenges. Standardized diagnostic criteria, with tailored functional vision history taking and assessment, along with individualized rehabilitation (habilitation is given to those who had no prior skills gained through vision, because vision has been deficient from birth or from avery early age), are needed to bring about optimal outcomes. Neuroplasticity is now recognized to be fundamental in bringing about optimal habilitation through family-centered multidisciplinary intervention.  \nKeywords  \nCerebral visual impairment (CVI) · Cortical visual impairment · Functional vision · Neuroplasticity · Pediatric neurology · Rehabilitation · Visual processing  \nIntroduction  \nCerebral visual impairment (CVI), historically termed cortical visual impairment, is a brainbased deficit of vision and/or visual perception of any severity, caused by disturbance of the brain’s visual pathways and visual processing areas, that limits how the affected child can use their vision in everyday life (Lueck & Dutton, 2015;  \nC  \nPhilip & Dutton, 2014) . Additional disorder of the eyes and optic nerves may or may not be present.  \nFirst recognized as a distinct clinical entity in the late twentieth century, CVI is now known to bethe most common cause of pediatric visual","cbCaipnFbPQSIiUt","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipnFbPQSIiUt","pdf",302253,16,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# Introduction\n# Epidemiology and Global Burden","[{\"question\":\"What is cerebral visual impairment (CVI) in children?\",\"answer\":\"CVI is a brain-based deficit of vision and/or visual perception caused by disturbance of visual pathways and visual processing areas, limiting how children use vision in everyday life.\"},{\"question\":\"What visual functions can be affected by CVI?\",\"answer\":\"CVI can cause deficits in visual acuity, color and contrast sensitivity, visual fields, perception of movement, visual guidance of movement, and recognition.\"},{\"question\":\"How is CVI diagnosed and managed to achieve optimal outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"Management requires standardized diagnostic criteria with tailored functional vision history taking and assessment, followed by individualized rehabilitation/ habilitation supported by family-centered multidisciplinary intervention.\"}]","Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI) in Children - Clinical overview and management | PDF",1790375671]