[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-444057-105":59,"doc-detail-444057-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","cellular-responses-to-hydrophobic-polyelectrolytewax-coatings-for-biomedical-use","Cellular Responses to Hydrophobic Polyelectrolyte/Wax Coatings for Biomedical Use","","Polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) coatings offer a route to biofunctionalize biomaterials, and adding nonpolymeric components can tune PEM properties for application-specific functions. Nano-thick wax layers within and on PEM produce hydrophobic waterproof barriers with potential for bioresorbable magnesium implants, reducing tissue and fluid contact and slowing degradation. Because hydrophobicity may affect cell compatibility, viability of 3T3 fibroblasts and HUVECs is tested on hydrophilic PEM and hydrophobic PEM/Wax composites.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/cellular-responses-to-hydrophobic-polyelectrolytewax-coatings-for-biomedical-use/444057/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/cellular-responses-to-hydrophobic-polyelectrolytewax-coatings-for-biomedical-use/444057.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"นรินทร์","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-30","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the purpose of combining wax layers with polyelectrolyte multilayer coatings?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The wax layers are intended to create hydrophobic waterproof barrier coatings by modulating PEM properties, aiming to reduce implant contact with tissue and bodily fluids.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How do fibroblasts and endothelial cells respond differently to hydrophobic PEM/Wax coatings?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Fibroblasts show adhesion and growth on all three hydrophobic PEM/Wax coatings, while HUVECs display reduced adhesion and viability on the hydrophobic coatings compared with hydrophilic PEM.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What biocompatibility safety assessment was used for the coatings?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Cytotoxicity testing conducted according to ISO 10993-5 confirmed that all coatings are noncytotoxic.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},444057,1790793219,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},2336475104957,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/22000c4c6bd8a5076e1?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1787554080175789136","This article is licensed under CC-BY 4.0   \n[http://pubs.acs.org/journal/acsodf](http://pubs.acs.org/journal/acsodf)  Article   \nCellular Responses to Hydrophobic Polyelectrolyte/Wax Coatings for Biomedical Use  \nTonya D. Andreeva, * Kiriaki Athanasopulu, Anita Lorenz, Ole Jung, Mike Barbeck, and Rumen Krastev  \n Cite This: ACS Omega 2025, 10, 58577−58587  \nRead Online  \n\n|  |  |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| ACCESS   | Metrics & More |  |  Article Recommendations |\n\nABSTRACT: Polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) coatings represent a promising strategy for the biofunctionalization of biomaterials. Incorporating nonpolymeric components into the polymer matrix is a strategy to modulate PEM properties, enabling the development of new, application-specific functionalities. For example, integrating nano-thick wax layers both within and atop the PEM matrix creates hydrophobic waterproof barrier coatings that show great potential for use on bioresorbable magnesium implants. These coatings hinder contact between the implant and surrounding tissue and bodily fluids, thereby slowing down implants’ degradation. However, the hydrophobic nature of such coatings raises concerns regarding their cell compatibility and overall biocompatibility. This study investigates and compares the viability offibroblasts (3T3 cells) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) on three  \ndifferent hydrophilic PEM coatings and their corresponding composite hydrophobic PEM/Wax counterparts. Our results show that some aspects of cellular behavior are cell-type-specific, while others are commonly influenced by the chemical composition of the coatings. Although hydrophobic, all three PEM/Wax coatings supported fibroblast adhesion and growth, surpassing their hydrophilic PEM counterparts, whereas the more surface- and environment-sensitive HUVECs showed reduced adhesion and viability on the hydrophobic coatings compared with the hydrophilic PEMs. Cytotoxicity testing, conducted in accordance with ISO 10993-5, confirmed that all coatings are noncytotoxic, supporting their suitability for use in medical devices.  \n■ INTRODUCTION  \nYear after year, the global market for medical devices continues to experience remarkable growth.1 One of the major factors driving this expansion is the increasing prevalence of an aging population worldwide, which contributes to the rising demand for medical equipment. As the variety of products on the market grows, so too does the need to develop new coatings for these devices, particularly since up to 80% of medical devices require at least one type of coating or surface treatment. This demand is also reflected in the significant growth in the market for medical device coatings.  \nFunctional medical coatings are a class of materials that, when applied to the surface of a medical device, provide additional functionality or improve its biocompatibility. These coatings act at various interfaces, such as the coatingsurrounding environment, the substrate-coating interface, or even within the bulk of the coating. Typical members of this specialized coatings, which add significant value to the functionality of medical devices and are ranked according to their market, include: hydrophilic coatings, antimicrobial coatings, hydrophobic coatings, antifriction coatings, bioresorbable coatings, osseointegrating coatings, lubricating coatings, drug-delivery coatings, and anticorrosion coatings.  \nHydrophobic coatings hold the third position in the global medical device coatings market.2 They are used across a wide range of medical devices, including surgical instruments and implants. Their importance is growing due to their key role in infection control as well as in enhancing device performance and durability. When applied, hydrophobic coatings provide fluid-repellent, self-cleaning, antifouling, and anticorrosive properties, all of which help to reduce the risk of contamination and infections in patients.  \nHydrophobic polytetrafluoroethy","cbCaiiVt7tXU6hpa","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiiVt7tXU6hpa","pdf",14796211,11,"English","# Abstract\n## Introduction\n## Background and Motivation","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of combining wax layers with polyelectrolyte multilayer coatings?\",\"answer\":\"The wax layers are intended to create hydrophobic waterproof barrier coatings by modulating PEM properties, aiming to reduce implant contact with tissue and bodily fluids.\"},{\"question\":\"How do fibroblasts and endothelial cells respond differently to hydrophobic PEM/Wax coatings?\",\"answer\":\"Fibroblasts show adhesion and growth on all three hydrophobic PEM/Wax coatings, while HUVECs display reduced adhesion and viability on the hydrophobic coatings compared with hydrophilic PEM.\"},{\"question\":\"What biocompatibility safety assessment was used for the coatings?\",\"answer\":\"Cytotoxicity testing conducted according to ISO 10993-5 confirmed that all coatings are noncytotoxic.\"}]","Cellular Responses to Hydrophobic Polyelectrolyte/Wax Coatings for Biomedical Use | PDF",1790706728,28]