[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-378503-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-378503-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","cellular-mechanisms-of-singlet-oxygen-in-photodynamic-therapy-read-online","Cellular Mechanisms of Singlet Oxygen in Photodynamic Therapy - read online","","The review analyzes photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an established anticancer approach driven by light-triggered activation of a photosensitizing agent in the presence of molecular oxygen. It explains how PDT generates reactive oxygen species, especially singlet oxygen (1O2), to initiate apoptosis and other cell-death pathways while selectively damaging cancer cells and sparing healthy tissue. It further details cellular defense and oxidative/nitrative stress responses, including the roles of catalase and NOX1, and proposes an auto-amplifying mechanism involving secondary 1O2 production and catalase inactivation to improve PDT efficacy.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/cellular-mechanisms-of-singlet-oxygen-in-photodynamic-therapy-read-online/378503/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/cellular-mechanisms-of-singlet-oxygen-in-photodynamic-therapy-read-online/378503.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Fans","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",14,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is the core mechanism of photodynamic therapy (PDT)?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"PDT uses a photosensitizing agent activated by light of a specific wavelength in the presence of molecular oxygen. 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Cellular Mechanisms of Singlet Oxygen in Photodynamic Therapy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 16890. [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)ijms242316890  \nAcademic Editor: Albrecht Reichle  \nReceived: 22 October 2023  \nRevised: 21 November 2023  \nAccepted: 22 November 2023  \nPublished: 29 November 2023  \nCopyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Students English Division Science Club, Medical College of The University of Rzeszâw, 35-315 Rzeszâw, Poland; [maria.przygoda@interia.pl](maria.przygoda@interia.pl)  \n2 Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of The University of Rzeszâw, 35-959 Rzeszâw, Poland; [dbartusikaebisher@ur.edu.pl](dbartusikaebisher@ur.edu.pl)  \n3 Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of The University of Rzeszâw, 35-310 Rzeszâw, Poland; [kdynarowicz@ur.edu.pl](kdynarowicz@ur.edu.pl)  \n4 Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland; [cieslar1@tlen.pl](cieslar1@tlen.pl)  \n5 Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of The University of Rzeszâw, 35-959 Rzeszâw, Poland  \n* Correspondence: [akawczyk@sum.edu.pl](akawczyk@sum.edu.pl) (A.K.-K.); [daebisher@ur.edu.pl](daebisher@ur.edu.pl) (D.A.)  \nAbstract: In this review, we delve into the realm of photodynamic therapy (PDT), an established method for combating cancer. The foundation of PDT lies in the activation of a photosensitizing agent using specific wavelengths of light, resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), notably singlet oxygen (1O2 ) . We explore PDT's intricacies, emphasizing its precise targeting of cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue. We examine the pivotal role of singlet oxygen in initiating apoptosis and other cell death pathways, highlighting its potential for minimally invasive cancer treatment. Additionally, we delve into the complex interplay of cellular components, including catalase and NOX1, in defending cancer cells against PDT-induced oxidative and nitrative stress. We unveil an intriguing auto-amplifying mechanism involving secondary singlet oxygen production and catalase inactivation, offering promising avenues for enhancing PDT's effectiveness. In conclusion, our review unravels PDT's inner workings and underscores the importance of selective illumination and photosensitizer properties for achieving precision in cancer therapy. The exploration of cellular responses and interactions reveals opportunities for refining and optimizing PDT, which holds significant potential in the ongoing fight against cancer.  \nKeywords: photodynamic therapy (PDT); reactive oxygen species (ROS); anticancer properties  \n1. Introduction  \n1.1. Basics Operation of PDT  \nPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a well-researched anticancer therapy method whose clinical use dates back to 1960 [1]. The action of PDT is based on the use of a photosensitizing agent (PS) which, after its activation with light of a specific wavelength in the presence of molecular oxygen [2], results in selective tissue damage by having a cytotoxic effect on cancer cells. The most frequently described PSs include Photofrin® , 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), an","cbCaiv2wrMt2BCPq","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiv2wrMt2BCPq","pdf",5852649,23,"English","# Abstract\n# 1. Introduction\n## 1.1 Basics Operation of PDT\n# Figure 1. Operation of PDT illustrated schematically","[{\"question\":\"What is the core mechanism of photodynamic therapy (PDT)?\",\"answer\":\"PDT uses a photosensitizing agent activated by light of a specific wavelength in the presence of molecular oxygen. This activation produces reactive oxygen species that damage and kill cancer cells.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is singlet oxygen (1O2) important in PDT?\",\"answer\":\"Singlet oxygen is a key reactive species generated during PDT that can trigger apoptosis and other cell death pathways. It is central to how PDT leads to therapeutic effects.\"},{\"question\":\"How do cellular defenses affect PDT outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"Cancer cells respond to PDT-induced oxidative and nitrative stress through defense systems such as catalase and NOX1. These interactions can influence the extent of damage and treatment effectiveness.\"}]","Cellular Mechanisms of Singlet Oxygen in Photodynamic Therapy - read online | PDF",1790230351,58]