[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-208092-en":3,"doc-seo-208092-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},208092,3985741905716,"Kyle","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d",7,"Healthcare","Cell structure and organisation - Key organelles and cell types","Cell structure and organisation content explains how key organelles contribute to life processes in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It covers ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth), Golgi body functions, vacuoles, cell wall components, centrioles, the nucleus (chromatin, nuclear envelope, nucleolus), and mitochondria and chloroplast adaptations. It also introduces cell theory and endosymbiotic theory, compares animal and plant cells, and describes viruses and microscopy calibration methods for measuring magnification and size.","Cell structure and organisation …1  \nRibosomes  \nRibosomes are involved in protein synthesis. They are made of a large and a small subunit constructed from rRNA and protein.  \n They occur in 2 different sizes-the smaller   70s in prokaryotes and 80s in eukaryotes.   \nEndoplasmic reticulum  \nThese are a series of flattened sacs-double membraned cisterna leading on from the nuclear envelope.  \n1  Rough Endoplasmin Reticulum-Covered in   ribosomes for protein synthesis, cisterna then   transport the protein.   \n 2 Smooth Endoplasmin Reticulum-Synthesis   and transport of lipids.   \nAnimal cell  \nVacuole  \n Contains cell sap, surrounded by the   tonoplast membrane.   \nCell Wall  \nA structure made from cellulose microfibrilsand pectin.  \n •  Is fully permeable for transport of   substances.   \n •   Provides strength to the plant.   \n •   Communication through the cell wall via   plasmodesmata.   \nGolgi body  \n The golgi body modifies and packages   proteins.   \n •   Produces secreting enzymes   \n •   Secreting carbohydrates   \n •   Produces glycoproteins   \n • Transporting-storing lipids   \n •   Forms lysosomes and digestive   enzymes.   \nCisternae with lumen  \nVesicle pinches off  \nCentrioles  \nFound in animal cells. They are 2 rings of microtubules that form the spindle in cell division.  \nCell Theory  \nCell theory states that new cells are formed from other existing cells and that the cell is a fundamental unit of structure, function and organisation in all living organisms.  \nAnimal and plant cells are eukaryotic. They contain membrane-bound organelles, DNA is found within a nucleus, cell walls are made of cellulose, ribosomes are 80s and aerobic respiration occurs within mitochondria.  \nPlant cell  \nEndosymbiotic theory  \n The presence of 70s ribosomes and DNA   in both mitochondria and chloroplasts   suggests they were once free-living cells   engulfed by ancient bacteria and developed   a symbiotic relationship with them.   \n1 kilometre (km) = 1000 meters (m) 1 metre(m) = 1000 millimetres (mm) 1 millimetre (mm) = 1000 micrometres (µm) 1 micrometre (µm)= 1000 nanometres (nm)  \nNucleus  \nChromatin  \nDNA coils bound to  protein-codes for protein synthesis.  \nNuclear envelope  \nA double membrane with pores that allows mRNA and ribosomes out of the nucleus.  \nNucleolus  \n rRNA and ribosomes made  here.   \nMitochondria  \ninner membrane  \nmitochondrial DNA  \nchloroplast   \nAerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria. They are cylindrical in shape for a large surface area and reduced diffusion distance.  \nChloroplasts  \nlumen   granum   \nouter membrane  \ninner membrane  \nstroma  \nthylakoids   \nThe thylakoids of the chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, a pigment that traps light energy for photosynthesis.  \nCell structure and organisation …2  \nProkaryotes  \nBacteria are prokaryotic cells. They contain no membrane bound organelles and this gives some essential differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.  \nProkaryotes Eukaryotes  \nDNA free in cytoplasm  \nDNA in nucleus  \nRibosomes 70s  \nRibosomes 80s  \nPeptidoglycan cell wall Mesosome for aerobic respiration  \nCellulose cell wall Mitochondria for aerobic respiration  \nViruses  \nNucleic acids inside DNA or RNA  \n Capsid, a protein   coat.   \n A virus is not a living thing, it is not a cell. It has no cytoplasm or organelles. It injects its genetic material into a living cell which then creates more virus particles.  \nMicroscopy  \nViruses are too small to be seen under a light microscope. A light microscope can be used to view eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.  \n Light microscopes can magnify up to x2000 however the ones in school are likely to   have a maximum magnification of x400 or x1000.   \nElectron microscopes have a much higher magnification of over x100,000. They also have a better resolution-the ability to distinguish between different structures.  \nMagnification of microscope drawings  \nA  \nI   \nM-  \nActual size (measured using the eyepiece graticule)  \nImage size measured ","cbCainVCSSY2YdEX","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainVCSSY2YdEX","pdf",4058762,1,2,"English","en",105,"# Ribosomes\n## Endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth)\n## Golgi body and related functions\n## Vacuole and cell wall\n# Animal and plant cells\n## Centrioles and nuclear components\n## Chromatin, nuclear envelope, nucleolus\n## Mitochondria and aerobic respiration\n## Chloroplasts and photosynthesis\n# Cell theory and endosymbiotic theory\n# Prokaryotes and eukaryotes comparison\n## Viruses\n# Microscopy\n## Light vs electron microscopes\n## Magnification and calibration steps","[{\"question\":\"What are ribosomes made of and what do they do?\",\"answer\":\"Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis. They are made of a large and a small subunit constructed from rRNA and protein.\"},{\"question\":\"How do rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum differ?\",\"answer\":\"Rough endoplasmic reticulum is covered in ribosomes for protein synthesis, and its cisterna transport the protein. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesises and transports lipids.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the endosymbiotic theory and what evidence is given?\",\"answer\":\"The theory explains that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living cells engulfed by ancient bacteria. The presence of 70s ribosomes and DNA in both organelles is used as evidence for a symbiotic relationship.\"}]","Cell structure and organisation - Key organelles and cell types | PDF",1788602417,5,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":85,"head_meta":87,"extra_data":89,"updated_unix":28},"cell-structure-and-organisation-key-organelles-and-cell-types","",{"@graph":36,"@context":84},[37,53,67],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,47,50],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",{"item":48,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":49},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":52},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/cell-structure-and-organisation-key-organelles-and-cell-types/208092/",4,{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":61,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":62,"interactionStatistic":63},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-05",true,{"@type":64,"interactionType":65,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":66},"ViewAction",{"@type":68,"mainEntity":69},"FAQPage",[70,76,80],{"name":71,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":73},"What are ribosomes made of and what do they do?","Question",{"text":74,"@type":75},"Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis. They are made of a large and a small subunit constructed from rRNA and protein.","Answer",{"name":77,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":78},"How do rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum differ?",{"text":79,"@type":75},"Rough endoplasmic reticulum is covered in ribosomes for protein synthesis, and its cisterna transport the protein. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesises and transports lipids.",{"name":81,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":82},"What is the endosymbiotic theory and what evidence is given?",{"text":83,"@type":75},"The theory explains that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living cells engulfed by ancient bacteria. The presence of 70s ribosomes and DNA in both organelles is used as evidence for a symbiotic relationship.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":51,"og:type":86,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":88,"canonical":51},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":91},[92,96,100,104,108,113,116,121,126,129,133],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":101,"show_sort_weight":102,"slug":103},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":105,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":107},"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":109,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":110,"show_sort_weight":111,"slug":112},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":114,"slug":115},40,"healthcare",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":118,"show_sort_weight":119,"slug":120},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":122,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":123,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":125},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":127,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":128},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":130,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":131,"show_sort_weight":130,"slug":132},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":134,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":135,"show_sort_weight":29,"slug":136},19,"General","general"]