[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-435933-105":59,"doc-detail-435933-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","cefepime-induced-encephalopathy-socio-clinical-patterns-and-electroencephalographic-findings","Cefepime-induced encephalopathy: socio-clinical patterns and electroencephalographic findings","","Cefepime-induced encephalopathy is evaluated through a retrospective analysis of 41 medical records, applying Naranjo et al. criteria and collecting socioclinical variables alongside neurophysiological data. EEG tracings consistently showed generalized periodic discharges (GPD), and 70.7% of examinations met criteria for nonconvulsive status epilepticus. After cefepime withdrawal, 85.3% of patients improved clinically, supporting EEG-guided diagnosis.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/cefepime-induced-encephalopathy-socio-clinical-patterns-and-electroencephalographic-findings/435933/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/cefepime-induced-encephalopathy-socio-clinical-patterns-and-electroencephalographic-findings/435933.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Lucas Martin","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-02","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the study objective regarding cefepime-induced encephalopathy?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To establish the socio-clinical pattern of cefepime encephalopathy and assess its correlation with EEG findings.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were patients selected for the retrospective analysis?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Patients with EEG alterations suggestive of encephalopathy were included when cefepime was the only cause; confounding metabolic conditions and medications that could produce similar EEG changes were excluded.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What EEG findings were most common in cefepime-induced encephalopathy?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"All EEG tracings showed generalized periodic discharges (GPD), and 70.7% met criteria for nonconvulsive status epilepticus.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},435933,1790742416,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},8796095360427,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","Article published online: 2025-10-27  \nOriginal Article 1  \nCefepime-induced encephalopathy: socio-clinical patterns and electroencephalographic findings  \nVitor Roberto Pugliesi Marques 1,2,3 Lúcia Helena Neves Marques 1,2  \nGerardo Maria de Araujo Filho2,4,5 Nabila Darido Abdalla 1 Andressa Regina Galego 1 Vitor Brumato Fachini 1 Felipe Henrique Muniz 1 Breno Gonçalves Medeiros 1  \n1 Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto SP, Brazil.  \n2 Hospital de Base de São José do Rio Preto, Centro de Cirurgia de Epilepsia, São José do Rio Preto SP, Brazil.  \n3 Santa Casa de São Carlos, São Carlos SP, Brazil.  \n4 Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brazil.  \n5 Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Departamento de Ciências Neurológicas, Psiquiatria e Psicologia Médica, São José do Rio Preto SP, Brazil.  \nArq. Neuro-Psiquiatr. 2025;83(10):s00451812469 .  \nAddress for correspondence Vitor Roberto Pugliesi Marques (email: [vitorrpm@gmail.com](vitorrpm@gmail.com))  \nAbstract  \nKeywords  \n► Brain Diseases  \n► Cefepime  \n► Electroencephalography  \n► Health Profile  \n► Infections  \nBackground Cefepime is an antibiotic widely used for severe infections in hospital . However, its use can lead to encephalopathy, which is detected by electroencephalogram (EEG) .  \nObjective To establish the socioclinical pattern of cefepime encephalopathy and its correlation with EEG.  \nMethods Forty-one medical records of patients diagnosed with cefepime-induced encephalopathy were analyzed according to the criteria established by Naranjo et al. , 1 with socioclinical parameters being evaluated.  \nResults All EEG tracings in the presence of cefepime-induced encephalopathy had generalized periodic discharges (GPD), and 70.7% of the exams met the criteria for anonconvulsive status epilepticus. With the withdrawal of cefepime, 85.3% of patients had clinical improvement.  \nConclusion Encephalopathy caused by cefepime is a clinical manifestation that should be considered among patients using this antibiotic, with a wide spectrum of manifestations. The use of EEG imaging is critical for diagnosis.  \nINTRODUCTION  \nEncephalopathy is a clinical syndrome characterized by an altered mental state, affecting cognition or level of arousal, and can result from a variety of causes.2 Conditions such as exposure to toxins, drugs, metabolic disturbances, and infectious diseases can contribute to encephalopathy and, among the drugs that can cause encephalopathy, cefepime must be  \nreceived  \nFebruary 7, 2025  \nreceived in its final form July 22, 2025  \naccepted  \nAugust 16, 2025  \nDOI [https://doi.org/](https://doi.org/)[ ](https://doi.org/)10.1055/s-0045-1812469 . ISSN 0004-282X.  \nEditor-in-Chief: Hélio A. G. Teive.  \nAssociate Editor: Luciano De Paola.  \ncited. 2,3 Myoclonic seizures, hallucinations, asterixis, and generalized epileptic seizures have been associated to the use of cephalosporins, which are β-lactam antibiotics, and these manifestations may be a result of the encephalopathy caused by these drugs.4–6  \nThe potential for neurological complications and seizures resulting from the use of cefepime should not be neglected.  \n© 2025 . The Author(s) .  \nThis is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit ([https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/))  \nThieme Revinter Publicações Ltda. , Rua Rego Freitas, 175, loja 1, República, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01220-010, Brazil  \n2 Cefepime: encephalopathy and electroencephalogram Marques et al.  \nIn June 2012, the United States’ Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a warning about the need to adjust its dose in patients with renal failure due to the risk of seizures and nonconvulsive status epilepticus.7  \nNeurological manifestations such as mental confusion, agit","cbCaitwUvmHzu1q9","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitwUvmHzu1q9","pdf",1178776,"English","# Background\n# Objective\n# Methods\n# Results\n# Conclusion\n# Introduction\n# Methods (Study Design and Eligibility)\n## Variables and Diagnostics","[{\"question\":\"What was the study objective regarding cefepime-induced encephalopathy?\",\"answer\":\"To establish the socio-clinical pattern of cefepime encephalopathy and assess its correlation with EEG findings.\"},{\"question\":\"How were patients selected for the retrospective analysis?\",\"answer\":\"Patients with EEG alterations suggestive of encephalopathy were included when cefepime was the only cause; confounding metabolic conditions and medications that could produce similar EEG changes were excluded.\"},{\"question\":\"What EEG findings were most common in cefepime-induced encephalopathy?\",\"answer\":\"All EEG tracings showed generalized periodic discharges (GPD), and 70.7% met criteria for nonconvulsive status epilepticus.\"}]","Cefepime-induced encephalopathy: socio-clinical patterns and electroencephalographic findings | PDF",1790676010,15]