[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-330286-105":59,"doc-detail-330286-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","cdk12-is-a-potential-biomarker-for-diagnosis-prognosis-and-immunomodulation-in-pan-cancer","CDK12 is a potential biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis and immunomodulation in pan-cancer","","Cell cycle-dependent protein kinase 12 (CDK12) is highlighted as a promising target in cancer biology. Systematic pan-cancer analyses show CDK12 is significantly upregulated across multiple cancer types and increases with disease progression in ten cancers. Diagnostic performance is supported by ROC results in eight cancers, while elevated CDK12 correlates with poor prognosis in eight malignancies. Mechanistic assays indicate CDK12 upregulation helps tumors evade immune surveillance by increasing immune checkpoint gene expression, and genomic profiling identifies amplification and missense mutations as dominant events. The work supports early monitoring and CDK12 inhibitor use alongside immunotherapy to improve clinical outcomes.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/cdk12-is-a-potential-biomarker-for-diagnosis-prognosis-and-immunomodulation-in-pan-cancer/330286/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/cdk12-is-a-potential-biomarker-for-diagnosis-prognosis-and-immunomodulation-in-pan-cancer/330286.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Finn","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-23","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How does CDK12 expression change across different cancer types?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"CDK12 is significantly upregulated in various cancers, and its expression increases with progression in ten cancer types.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What clinical relevance is supported for CDK12 in diagnosis and prognosis?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"ROC analyses indicate diagnostic value in eight cancer types, and high CDK12 expression is associated with poor prognosis in eight cancers.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What mechanisms link CDK12 to immune modulation?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Increased CDK12 expression enables tumors to evade immune surveillance and upregulates immune checkpoint genes.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},330286,1790151297,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},34359740700684,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/1f400023980c374ae676?_k=1777273430885731487","[www. nature.com/scientificreports](www. nature.com/scientificreports)  \nOPEN  \nCDK12 is a potential biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis and immunomodulation in pan‑cancer  \nKe‑Qi Lu1,4, Zuo‑Lin Li1,4, Qian Zhang2, Qing Yin1, Yi‑Lin Zhang1, Wei‑Jie Ni1, LiangYun‑Zi Jiang1, Wei He3* & Bin Wang1*  \nCell cycle‑dependent protein kinase 12 (CDK12) plays a key role in a variety of carcinogenesis processes and represents a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment. However, to date, there have been no systematic studies addressing its diagnostic, prognostic and immunological value across cancers. Here, we found that CDK12 was significantly upregulated in various types of cancers, and it expression increased with progression in ten cancer types, including breast cancer, cholangiocarcinoma and colon adenocarcinoma. Moreover, the ROC curves indicated that CDK12 showed diagnostic value in eight cancer types. High CDK12 expression was associated with poor prognosis in eight types of cancer, including low‑grade glioma, mesothelioma, melanoma and pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, we conducted immunoassays to explore the exact mechanisms underlying CDK12‑induced carcinogenesis, which revealed that increased expression ofCDK12 allowed tumours to evade immune surveillance and upregulate immune checkpoint genes. Additionally, mutational studies have shown that amplification and missense mutations are the predominant mutational events affecting CDK12 across cancers. These findings establish CDK12 asa significant biological indicator of cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and immunotherapeutic targeting. Early surveillance and employment ofCDK12 inhibitors, along with concomitant immunotherapy interventions, may enhance the clinical outcomes of cancer patients.  \nKeywords CDK12, Pan-cancer, Diagnosis, Prognosis, Immunization, Gene mutation  \nCell cycle-dependent protein kinase 12 (CDK12) is a cell cycle-dependent protein kinase that functions as a transcription-related kinase. It forms a heterodimeric complex with Cyclin K, which phosphorylates the carboxyl-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) to regulate gene expression. Convincing evidence has shown that CDK12 plays a pivotal role in various biological functions, such as transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, intronic polyadenylation (IPA) and translation. One noteworthy fact is that among the 20 members of the CDK family, only CDK12 is located on chromosome 17q12, which has been shown to consistently exhibit oncogenic features and genetic alterations across various types of tumors1. CDK12 is also the most frequently mutated of all CDKs, reaching up to 5%, and its genomic alterations have been identified in cancers, such as prostate cancer, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer2. The specific relationship between this and cancer has been strongly demonstrated in a considerable number of studies.  \nCDK12 has been found to drive and maintain the growth of cancer cells in a variety of tumours by regulating multiple signalling pathways, including the WNT/β-catenin pathway, MAPK pathway, NF-κB pathway, and DNA damage repair (DDR) pathway3–7. For instance, Liu et al. found that knocking out CDK12 in patient-derived tumour xenograft (PDX) models led to G2 cell cycle arrest and inhibited gastric cancer growth6. Moreover, growing evidence has demonstrated that CDK12 is a highly relevant gene in breast cancer development3,5. However, mutation analysis indicated that coamplification of the HER2 gene with its proximal 200 kb CDK12 was commonly observed in HER2-positive breast cancer, accounting for approximately 90% of cases8,9. Interestingly, this  \n1Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. 2Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China. 3Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Institute, and Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medic","cbCaiaNOehzoBUXf","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaNOehzoBUXf","pdf",11132983,17,"English","# CDK12 as a diagnostic, prognostic, and immunomodulatory biomarker\n## Expression patterns across pan-cancer\n## Diagnostic performance and prognosis associations\n## Mechanistic insights: immune evasion and checkpoint regulation\n## Mutational landscape of CDK12\n## Therapeutic targeting and combination strategies","[{\"question\":\"How does CDK12 expression change across different cancer types?\",\"answer\":\"CDK12 is significantly upregulated in various cancers, and its expression increases with progression in ten cancer types.\"},{\"question\":\"What clinical relevance is supported for CDK12 in diagnosis and prognosis?\",\"answer\":\"ROC analyses indicate diagnostic value in eight cancer types, and high CDK12 expression is associated with poor prognosis in eight cancers.\"},{\"question\":\"What mechanisms link CDK12 to immune modulation?\",\"answer\":\"Increased CDK12 expression enables tumors to evade immune surveillance and upregulates immune checkpoint genes.\"}]","CDK12 is a potential biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis and immunomodulation in pan-cancer | PDF",1789987995,43]