[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-134010-en":3,"doc-seo-134010-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},134010,8796095360427,"Lucas Martin","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d",8,"Research & Report","Cave profile interpretation using instrumentation and the cave conceptual model","Cave profile interpretation builds a three-dimensional view of rock-mass response during mining by combining in-situ instrumentation monitoring with remote sensing. The cave profile is generated for defined time periods using geotechnical monitoring data and interpreted within the Duplancic block caving conceptual model. The results are compared with production data to evaluate air-blast risk, dilution, and orebody sterilization where caving is incomplete. The work also documents how different monitoring methods are applied to delineate seismogenic, yielded, and caved zones, covering monitoring across cave establishment through breakthrough.","Cave profile interpretation using instrumentation and the cave conceptual model  \nC. Kampa, D. Cumming-Potvinb, J. Lettc, M. Poulterd, N. Sheae, B. Jalinkf and C. Vanegas  \nPalaciog,  \naNew Gold Inc., Canada  \nbAustralian Center of Geomechanics, Australia  \ncNewmont Corporation., Canada  \ndBHP., Australia  \neFreeport, United States of America  \nfEvolution Mining, Australia  \ngFreeport, United States of America  \nABSTRACT  \nCreation of a three-dimensional cave profile is a specific time stage of the caving process during mining which utilizes monitoring data from in-situ instrumentation and remote sensing techniques. It is the primary method for visually interpreting rock mass response to cave mining. A cave profile is typically generated graphically based on spatial representation during a specific time period of geotechnical monitoring data and interpretation thereof in context of the Duplancic (1999) block caving conceptual model. The resulting cave profile is then typically compared to production data and used to assess potential for air blast, dilution, and orebody sterilization in regions that fail to cave. Many cave monitoring methods are available to inform development of a cave profile; however, thereis a significant amount of estimation and interpretation required. Furthermore, there are no current industry supporting guidelines specifying how data from each monitoring method should be applied to delineation of the various zones (i.e., seismogenic, yielded, and caved zones) in the caving conceptual model. This paper presents the monitoring methods and processes used for cave profile interpretation based on a survey of six (6) block cave operations. Guidance regarding the application of the various instrumentation and remote sensing methods to the cave conceptual model is also presented and serves as an initial guideline for monitoring of cave establishment, cave initiation, cave propagation, and cave breakthrough.  \n1 INTRODUCTION  \nThe block caving conceptual model and associated zones were introduced by Duplancic and Brady (1999) and Duplancic (2001)(Figure 1a) . The inability to visual validate caving commonly requires that technical professionals rely heavily on instrumentation data interpreted through the lens of this conceptual model to periodically define how the cave is influencing the rockmass. Although further work examples advancing this work such as, Cumming-Potvin (2018) on fracture banding  \n(Figure 1b) and by Van As (2020) introducing the significance of draw rate in panel vs block caving (Figure 1c) the industry reliance on using the Duplancic conceptual model to interpret the cave has not substantially changed.  \nThe conceptual model is described by Laubsher (2017) as the following series of zones:  \n• Mobilized (Caved) Zone – consisting of mobilized rock blocks that have fallen from the cave back (i.e., the muckpile)  \n• Air Gap – the air-filled void between the cave back and the top of the muckpile  \n• Yielded Zone (Zone of Loosening)– the region between the seismogenic zone and cave back, where disintegration of the rock mass occurs. No seismicity is observed within this zone.  \n• Seismogenic Zone – the region between the yielded zone and the intact rock mass, where stress changes from undercut or cave progression cause seismicity due to slip on joints and brittle rock failure.  \n• Pseudo-continuous Domain (Elastic Zone)  \n– the region of largely intact rock mass overlying and laterally surrounding the aforementioned zones.  \nIn addition, Remote Fracturing occurring in areas beyond the conceptual yielded zone is  \nsometimes identified by cave monitoring. This remote fracturing is theorized to occur due to increased strain on geological structures, heterogeneous composition of the rockmass, and as a result of interactions with adjacent mining areas. Cumming-Potvin (2018) refers to discontinuous tensile fracture banding occurring beyond the yielded zone, characterized by a series of fractures paralle","cbCaisre7yXCzcNT","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisre7yXCzcNT","pdf",9118145,2,1,27,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n# Cave profile\n## Cave profile definition and time-stage context","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of creating a three-dimensional cave profile in block caving?\",\"answer\":\"It provides a visual interpretation of rock-mass response during mining using monitoring data and remote sensing, interpreted within the Duplancic conceptual model.\"},{\"question\":\"How is the cave profile interpreted using the Duplancic conceptual model?\",\"answer\":\"The cave profile outline is defined between the bottom of the yielded (zone of loosening) and the top of the air gap (or caved zone if no air gap exists), as a specific time-stage representation.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are appropriate monitoring methods important for cave profile interpretation?\",\"answer\":\"Different monitoring approaches have varying applicability and limitations, and correct application is crucial to assess risks such as rockbursts, air blasts, dilution, subsidence, and inrush.\"}]","Cave profile interpretation using instrumentation and the cave conceptual model | 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is the purpose of creating a three-dimensional cave profile in block caving?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"It provides a visual interpretation of rock-mass response during mining using monitoring data and remote sensing, interpreted within the Duplancic conceptual model.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"How is the cave profile interpreted using the Duplancic conceptual model?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"The cave profile outline is defined between the bottom of the yielded (zone of loosening) and the top of the air gap (or caved zone if no air gap exists), as a specific time-stage representation.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"Why are appropriate monitoring methods important for cave profile interpretation?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"Different monitoring approaches have varying applicability and limitations, and correct application is crucial to assess risks such as rockbursts, air blasts, dilution, subsidence, and 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