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Using publicly available genetic databases, the analysis extracts instrumental variables from genetic thresholds and performs Mendelian randomization. Inverse-variance weighted and Bayesian approaches estimate causality, followed by heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, and MR Steiger reliability assessments. Specific inflammatory factors show significant causal associations with ovarian and endometrial cancers.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/causal-relationship-between-inflammatory-factors-and-gynecological-cancer-a-bayesian-mendelian-randomization-study/331586/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/causal-relationship-between-inflammatory-factors-and-gynecological-cancer-a-bayesian-mendelian-randomization-study/331586.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Evangeline","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-13","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main research question of this Bayesian Mendelian randomization study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study examines whether circulating inflammatory factors have causal relationships with cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancers, rather than only correlations.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which genetic method and statistical approaches are used to infer causality?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Single-nucleotide polymorphisms are used as instrumental variables in Mendelian randomization, using inverse variance weighted methods, supplemented by Bayesian analysis to improve accuracy.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What inflammatory factors were found to be significantly associated with cancer risk?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The study identifies one factor (PDGF-BB) and four factors (CXCL9, IL-6, CXCL1, G-CSF) as significantly associated with ovarian and endometrial cancer risk, with additional negative causal associations involving G-CSF, CXCL10, and CCL11.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},331586,1790145517,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":46,"preview_page_count":4},13056703019662,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/be000253a8e92610077?_k=1778726343310543188","[www. nature.com/scientificreports](www. nature.com/scientificreports)  \nOPEN  \nCausal relationship between inflammatory factors and gynecological cancer: a Bayesian Mendelian randomization study  \nChunxiao Dang1,6, Mengmeng Liu2,6, Pengfei Liu1, Jinxing Liu1, Xiao Yu3, Yan Dong4􀀍 & Junde Zhao5􀀍  \nBackground: Cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and endometrial cancer are the three most common cancers in gynecology. Understanding their respective pathology is currently incomplete. Inflammatory factors play an important role in the pathophysiology of these three cancers, but the causal relationship between inflammatory factors and these three cancers is unclear. Methods: Based on publicly available genetic databases, relevant instrumental variables were extracted according to predefined thresholds, and causal analyses ofCRP, 41 circulating inflammatory factors, and three gynecological cancers were performed, mainly using the inverse variance weighted method, while bayesian analysis was performed to improve the accuracy of the results. Finally, heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy test, and MR Steiger test were carried out to evaluate the reliability of the findings and the causal inference strength. Results: One inflammatory factor (PDGF-BB) and four inflammatory factors (CXCL9, IL-6, CXCL1, and G-CSF) were identified as significantly associated with the risk of ovarian and endometrial cancers, respectively. In comparison, cervical cancer was found to have a negative causal association with one inflammatory factor (G-CSF) and endometrial cancer with two inflammatory factors (CXCL10 and CCL11). Conclusions: Our MR study suggests potential causal relationships between circulating inflammatory regulators and three gynecological cancers from a genetic perspective, which contributes to further understanding of the pathomechanisms of cervical, ovarian and endometrial cancers and highlights the potential of targeting inflammatory factors as therapeutic interventions and predictors  \nKeywords Circulating inflammatory factors, Cervical cancer, Ovarian cancer, Endometrial cancer, Mendelian randomization  \nAbbreviations  \nMR Mendelian randomization  \nCC Cervical cancer  \nOC Ovarian cancer  \nEC Endometrial cancer  \nCRP C-reactive protein  \nSNP Single nucleotide polymorphism  \nIVs Instrumental variables  \nGWAS Genome wide association study LD Linkage disequilibrium IVW Inverse variance weighted WME Weighted median  \n1First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.  \n2Dongying People’s Hospital (Dongying Hospital of Shandong Provincial Hospital Group), Dongying 257000, China.  \n3Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China. 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jingba Road No. 1, Jinan 250014, China. 5Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jingshi Road No. 16369, Jinan 250014, China. 6Chunxiao Dang and Mengmeng Liu contributed equally to this work. 􀀍 email: [dongyanfuke@163.com](dongyanfuke@163.com); [zhaojunde2020@163.com](zhaojunde2020@163.com)  \n[www. nature.com/scientificreports/](www. nature.com/scientificreports/)  \nWM Weighted mode  \nSM Simple mode  \nLOO Leave-one-out  \nG-CSF Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor PDG-BB Platelet-derived growth factor-BB  \nGynecological malignancies are the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women globally, posing a serious threat to women’s health, with approximately 190,000 new diagnoses of cancer and approximately 30,000 deaths from cancer globally, according to the GLOBOCAN 2020 report1. Gynecological cancers mainly include cervical, uterine, ovarian, vaginal, and vulvar cancers, among which cervical cancer (CC), endometrial cancer (EC), and ovarian cancer (OC), as the most predominant types of gynecological cancers, are at a high level of morbidity and mortal","cbCaisoaWPETF44t","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisoaWPETF44t","pdf",1207048,"English","# Background\n# Methods\n## Data sources and instrumental variables\n## Mendelian randomization analyses\n## Reliability and sensitivity tests\n# Results\n# Conclusions\n# Abbreviations","[{\"question\":\"What is the main research question of this Bayesian Mendelian randomization study?\",\"answer\":\"The study examines whether circulating inflammatory factors have causal relationships with cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancers, rather than only correlations.\"},{\"question\":\"Which genetic method and statistical approaches are used to infer causality?\",\"answer\":\"Single-nucleotide polymorphisms are used as instrumental variables in Mendelian randomization, using inverse variance weighted methods, supplemented by Bayesian analysis to improve accuracy.\"},{\"question\":\"What inflammatory factors were found to be significantly associated with cancer risk?\",\"answer\":\"The study identifies one factor (PDGF-BB) and four factors (CXCL9, IL-6, CXCL1, G-CSF) as significantly associated with ovarian and endometrial cancer risk, with additional negative causal associations involving G-CSF, CXCL10, and CCL11.\"}]","Causal relationship between inflammatory factors and gynecological cancer: a Bayesian Mendelian randomization study | PDF",1789994198]