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A two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis was conducted using genome-wide association data to test causal effects of rosacea on 17 cancer subtypes, applying IVW as the primary method and sensitivity tests including MR-Egger, weighted median, mode-based approaches, Cochran’s Q, MR-PRESSO, and leave-one-out analysis, plus gene-pathway enrichment.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/causal-relationship-and-potential-pathogenic-mechanisms-between-rosacea-with-pharyngeal-and-laryngeal-cancer/371468/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/causal-relationship-and-potential-pathogenic-mechanisms-between-rosacea-with-pharyngeal-and-laryngeal-cancer/371468.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"\tCallum ","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What was the main objective of the study?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"To evaluate whether rosacea has a causal relationship with cancer risk, focusing especially on pharyngeal and laryngeal cancer (PLC).","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How did the researchers test causality between rosacea and cancer?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"They used a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) design with genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for rosacea and 17 cancer subtypes. IVW was the primary method, with MR-Egger, weighted median, and mode-based approaches for sensitivity analyses.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What did the study find regarding rosacea and pharyngeal and laryngeal cancer?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"MR results indicated a causal relationship between rosacea and PLC, suggesting rosacea may increase PLC risk. Reverse MR did not show a causal effect of PLC on rosacea, and no heterogeneity or pleiotropy was observed.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},371468,1790257874,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":46},137451211410,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/2000bb0a9246f588df?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786362646172706240","Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 91 (2025) 101636  \nContents lists available at ScienceDirect  \nBrazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology  \njournal [homepage:](homepage: www.bjorl.org)[ www.bjorl.org](homepage: www.bjorl.org)  \n| Original article\u003Cbr>Causal relationship and potential pathogenic mechanisms between rosacea with pharyngeal and laryngeal cancer |  |  | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Zexin Zhu a , Xiaoxue Wang b,*\u003Cbr>a Department of Surgical Oncology, The Comprehensive Breast Care Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China b Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China |  |  |  |\n| A R T I C L E I N F O |  | A B S T R A C T |  |\n| Keywords: Rosacea Cancer\u003Cbr>Mendelian randomization Causal relationship Pharyngeal and laryngeal cancer |  | Objective: Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease. Observational studies reported the association between rosacea and cancer. The causal relationship between rosacea and cancer has been reported rarely. Methods: We employed a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) study to assess the causality between rosacea and 17 subtypes of cancers. Rosacea and cancers’ association Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) data were collected. The Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) method was utilized as the principal method in our Mendelian Randomization (MR) study, with additional using the MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods. The MR-Egger intercept test, Cochran’s Q test, MR-Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) and leave-one-out analysis were conducted to identify heterogeneity and pleiotropy. After that, Disease-related genes were also referenced from GeneCard.\u003Cbr>Results: After our MR analysis, we found rosacea has a causal relationship with pharyngeal and laryngeal cancer (PLC, Odds Ratio [OR = 1.137], 95% CI 1.010‒1.283, p-value = 0.035). Rosacea may increase the risk of PLC. No causal link between rosacea and other cancer was observed. No heterogeneity or pleiotropy was observed. Reversed MR showed PLC has no causal effect on rosacea. Furthermore, disease-related genes were obtained. The intersecting genes between rosacea and PLC were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed, these intersecting genes were associated with pathways related to immunity inflammation procedures or pathways.\u003Cbr>Conclusion: This study provided new evidence of the relationship between rosacea and PLC. Rosacea may play afacilitative role in PLC progression. Identification of related genes related to rosacea and PLC offers new scene for investigating the potential pathogenesis of PLC, this could provide innovative and efficient ways to address PLC treatment.\u003Cbr>Level ofevidence: Level II. Mendelian Randomized (MR) studies are second only to randomized controlled trials in terms of the level of evidence. |  |\n\nIntroduction  \nRosacea is a prevalent and chronic inflammatory skin disease, predominantly affects cheeks, chin, nose, forehead and the eyes.1,2 Statistically, the prevalence rate of rosacea ranges from 1% to 22%, depending on geographical location and population.3,4 Recently, a systematic review resulted the prevalence of rosacea was estimated at 5.5% of the adult population worldwide.5 Unlike previous studies which found a greater prevalence in women,1,2 the result of systematic review  \nshowed both men and women are equally susceptible to the condition.5 The pathophysiology of rosacea remains unclear. Mechanistically, rosacea pathogenesis is relevant to different inflammatory pathways, which include dysregulation of the innate and adaptive immune system.1,6 As suggested by the analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes associated with rosacea, genetic factors may also play a role.7 Certain triggers, such as stress, ultraviolet light, spicy food, smoking, and alcohol c","cbCaifce5fLz2E5U","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifce5fLz2E5U","pdf",4043574,"English","# Introduction\n# Abbreviations and author information\n# Methods (Mendelian Randomization framework)\n# Results (causal association findings)\n# Conclusion (implications for mechanisms and treatment)","[{\"question\":\"What was the main objective of the study?\",\"answer\":\"To evaluate whether rosacea has a causal relationship with cancer risk, focusing especially on pharyngeal and laryngeal cancer (PLC).\"},{\"question\":\"How did the researchers test causality between rosacea and cancer?\",\"answer\":\"They used a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) design with genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for rosacea and 17 cancer subtypes. IVW was the primary method, with MR-Egger, weighted median, and mode-based approaches for sensitivity analyses.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the study find regarding rosacea and pharyngeal and laryngeal cancer?\",\"answer\":\"MR results indicated a causal relationship between rosacea and PLC, suggesting rosacea may increase PLC risk. Reverse MR did not show a causal effect of PLC on rosacea, and no heterogeneity or pleiotropy was observed.\"}]","Causal relationship and potential pathogenic mechanisms between rosacea with pharyngeal and laryngeal cancer | PDF",1790192144]