[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-529277-105":59,"doc-detail-529277-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","catching-up-to-college-and-career-readiness-in-kentucky-act-working-paper-series-may-2014","Catching Up to College and Career Readiness in Kentucky - ACT Working Paper Series - May 2014","","This ACT working paper examines whether Kentucky students who are academically far off track in fourth or eighth grade can catch up by eighth or eleventh grade. Using three eighth-grade cohorts based on ACT Explore, it finds that 5% or fewer of far off track students reach ACT College Readiness Benchmarks by eleventh grade. For fourth-grade starters, catching-up ranges from 7% in mathematics to 12% in science, with at-risk groups showing lower rates. Findings highlight early intervention as essential for disadvantaged students and support policies to disseminate effective practices.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/catching-up-to-college-and-career-readiness-in-kentucky-act-working-paper-series-may-2014/529277/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/catching-up-to-college-and-career-readiness-in-kentucky-act-working-paper-series-may-2014/529277.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Ben ","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-13","2026-10-09",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does the report study about Kentucky students’ readiness?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It assesses the extent to which students far off track in fourth or eighth grade catch up by eighth or eleventh grade, using ACT Explore and other subject test scores in Kentucky.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How often do far off track students reach ACT College Readiness Benchmarks?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"For eighth-grade far off track students, 5% or fewer attain ACT College Readiness Benchmarks by spring of eleventh grade.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why does the report argue early intervention is critical?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It notes that early learning gaps tend to widen over time due to “Matthew effects,” and that off-track students must grow faster to catch up while on-track students do not carry the same burden.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},529277,1791657343,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},2336478951081,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","ACT Working Paper Series   \nCatching up to College and Career Readiness in Kentucky  \nChrys Dougherty, Linda Hiserote, and Teresa Shaw  \nWP-2014-04 May, 2014  \nACT working papers document preliminary research. The papers are intended to promote discussion and feedback before formal publication. The research does not necessarily reflect the views of ACT.  \nCatching Up to College and Career Readiness in Kentucky1  \nAbstract: This report focuses on the extent to which students who are academically far off track in fourth or eighth grade in Kentucky catch up by eighth or eleventh grade. We studied three recent cohorts of Kentucky students whose eighth-grade ACT Explore® scores were more than one standard deviation below the ACT Explore benchmark scores associated with being on track. We found that 5% or fewer of the students who were far off track in eighth grade attained the ACT College Readiness Benchmarks® by the spring of eleventh grade. We did a similar analysis for two cohorts of students beginning in fourth grade, using scores on the Kentucky Core Content Tests in reading, mathematics, and science in grade four and ACT Explore scores in the same subjects in grade eight, and found that catching-up rates ranged from 7% in mathematics to 12% in science. We also found that students from at-risk groups—those who are low-income, African American, Hispanic, English language learners or in special education—have lower catching up rates than their more advantaged peers. These results are of special concern because a large percentage of students from those groups are far off track in fourth and eighth grade.  \nThese findings should underscore the importance of policies and practices that focus on getting students off to a good start in the early grades. These practices are especially important for disadvantaged students. Ongoing research should identify practices that help to accomplish this goal, and state and local policy should support efforts to disseminate and implement those practices.  \nKeywords: academic preparation, achievement gaps, college and career readiness, early intervention, student growth  \nIntroduction  \nIn recent years educators and policymakers have set a goal that students graduate from high school ready for college and careers. However, as a nation we fall short of achieving this goal, particularly for disadvantaged students. In states where the highest percentages of students  \n1 This study uses data maintained by the Kentucky Department of Education and is published with its permission.  \ntook the ACT in 2012, for example, 45% of students in the two lowest family income categories2 met ACT’s national College Readiness Benchmarks in English, 21% in mathematics, 24% in reading, and 18% in science. In Kentucky, of 15,163 students from these two family income categories who took the ACT, 44% met the ACT benchmark in English, 17% in mathematics, 24% in reading, and 16% in science.3  \nA substantial body of research supports the idea that the path to college and career readiness begins in early childhood. Gaps in vocabulary development begin in very early childhood (Hart & Risley, 1995), and students entering kindergarten from disadvantaged backgrounds tend to lag behind their more advantaged peers in vocabulary and overall oral language development (Farkas & Beron, 2004; Dunham, Farkas, Hammer, Tomblin, & Catts, 2007) as well as in early reading and mathematics skills and background knowledge (West, Denton, & Germino-Hausken, 2000) . In turn, early reading and mathematics skills and background knowledge predict student success in the later grades (Duncan, Claessens, Huston, Pagani, Engel, Sexton, Dowsett, Magnuson, Klebanov, Feinstein, Brooks-Gunn, Duckworth, & Japel, 2007; Claessens & Engel, 2013; Grissmer, Grimm, Aiyer, Murrah, & Steele, 2010; Geary, 2011) . With these findings in mind, recent ACT reports have focused on the importance of getting students off to a good start in preschool and the early elementary ","cbCaieDp8PGdX6Rr","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieDp8PGdX6Rr","pdf",1894087,68,"English","# Introduction\n## Catching up outcomes in Kentucky\n## Early learning gaps and long-term effects\n## Matthew effects and required student growth\n## Study follow-up and benchmark approach","[{\"question\":\"What does the report study about Kentucky students’ readiness?\",\"answer\":\"It assesses the extent to which students far off track in fourth or eighth grade catch up by eighth or eleventh grade, using ACT Explore and other subject test scores in Kentucky.\"},{\"question\":\"How often do far off track students reach ACT College Readiness Benchmarks?\",\"answer\":\"For eighth-grade far off track students, 5% or fewer attain ACT College Readiness Benchmarks by spring of eleventh grade.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the report argue early intervention is critical?\",\"answer\":\"It notes that early learning gaps tend to widen over time due to “Matthew effects,” and that off-track students must grow faster to catch up while on-track students do not carry the same burden.\"}]","Catching Up to College and Career Readiness in Kentucky - ACT Working Paper Series - May 2014 | PDF",1791520842,171]