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The text then introduces the earliest Norman fortifications, including motte-and-bailey construction, emphasizing the prevalence of wood and the defensive layout of mound, ditch, palisade, and baileys.",{"@graph":14,"@context":72},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/","Literature",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/castles-an-introduction-to-the-castles-of-england-and-wales/566263/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/castles-an-introduction-to-the-castles-of-england-and-wales/566263.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Fahsai","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-10-13",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":26},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",{"@type":56,"mainEntity":57},"FAQPage",[58,64,68],{"name":59,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":61},"What does the book say the word “castle” should properly refer to?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"It states that “castle” should not be applied to every fortified or residential structure in the British Isles, especially those erected before the Norman conquest beginning with the Battle of Hastings in A.D. 1066. Only a few exceptions are described.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"Why did castles develop in England after the Norman Conquest?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"The book links castles to the feudal system imposed after the conquest. This system relied on vassal service to the king and protection offered by private fortresses.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"How were the earliest castles built, according to the text?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"It describes most early Norman castles as motte-and-bailey: a high earthen mound (motte) with a ditch, a flat top with palisade, and one or more enclosed baileys connected by a bridge.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":74,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":76,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":78,"site_id":7},566263,1792667767,{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":82},"success",[83,87,90,94,99,104,109,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":84,"show_sort_weight":85,"slug":86},"Story & 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\nHER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFEICEPrice ss.od.[2SP]net  \nDigitized by the Internet Archivein 2022 with funding fromKahle/Austin Foundation  \nhttps://archive.org/details/castles0000unse  \n09d5  \nCASTLES  \nAN INTRODUCTION TO THECASTLES OF ENGLANDAND WALES  \nBY  \nThe late B.H.St.J.O'NEIL,M.A.,F.S.A.Formerly Cbief Inspector of Ancient Monaments  \nrst publisbed 954Eigbth impression 1970  \nSBN I 6701S1 x  \nCONTENTS  \nPAGE  \nTHE MEANING OF THE WORD“CASTLE”.ITHE EARLIEST CASTLES2EARLY STONE CASTLES.6MEDIEVAL SIEGES.  .  .7RECTANGULAR KEEPS.9SHELL KEEPS           ·I2MINES AND THE REMEDY  .  \nI3ROUND TOWERS .      .·I4THE CASTLES OF THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY .15THE EDWARDIAN CASTLES OF NORTH WALESI8THE ENGLISH HOUSE OF THE MIDDLE AGES .    2ICASTLES OF LIVERY AND MAINTENANCE .   .22INTRODUCTION OF FIREARMS ····24COASTAL DEFENCE .     .   .     .24SOME CASTLES OF ESPECIAL INTEREST27PLANS .   .   .33GLOSSARY ,63  \n.  \n番  \n# ILLUSTRATIONS\n\nPLATES(between pages ro and II)  \nFramlingham Castle,Suffolk,from the north-west.  \nPLATE I  \nPLATE IIPortchester Castle,Hampshire.Keep from the west  \nPLATE IIIGoodrich Castle,Herefordshire.North side of keep.  \nPLATE IVCarisbrooke Castle,Isle of Wight.Shell keep fromthe north curtain.  \nPLATE VPevensey Castle,Sussex.Inner ward from thenorth.  \nPLATE VICaernarvon Castle from the south.  \nPLATE VIIBeaumaris Castle,Anglesey,from the south-west.  \nPLATE VIII Kidwelly Castle,Carmarthenshire,from the south.  \nPLATE IXNunney Castle,Somerset,from the south-west.  \nClifford's Tower,York,from the east.  \nPLATE X  \nPLATE XISt.Mawes Castle,Cornwall,from the south-east.  \nPLATE XII Dover Castle,Kent,from the north.  \n# PLANS\n\n(pages 34-61)  \nFIG.IBerkhamsted Castle,Hertfordshire  \nFIG.2Ongar Castle,Essex  \nFIG.3Pleshey Castle,Essex  \nFiG.4Richmond Castle,Yorkshire  \nFIG.5Ludlow Castle,Shropshire  \nFiG.6Peveril Castle,Derbyshire  \nFIG.7Restormel Castle,Cornwal  \nFIG.8Framlingham Castle,Suffolk  \nFIG.9Portchester Castle,Hampshire  \nFIG.10 Middleham Castle,YorkshireFIG.IIKenilworth Castle,WarwickshireFIG.I2Coity Castle,GlamorganFIG.I3Skenfrith Castle,MonmouthshireFIG.I4Dolbadarn Castle,CaernarvonshireFIG.I5Pevensey Castle,SussexFIG.I6Goodrich Castle,HerefordshireFIG.17Caernarvon CastleFIG.I8Beaumaris Castle,AngleseyFIG.I9Southampton Town WallFIG.20Caernarvon Castle and Town WallFIG.2IDunstanburgh Castle,NorthumberlandFIG.22Nunney Castle,SomersetFIG.23Clifford's Tower,YorkFIG.24Dartmouth Castle,DevonFIG.25Walmer Castle,KentFIG.26Pendennis Castle,Cornwall  \nFIG.27Carisbrooke Castle,Isle of WightFIG.28Warkworth Castle,Northumberland  \n# CASTLES\n\nTHE MEANING OF THE WORD“CASTLE”  \nThe word“castle”may be seen on English maps against all man-ner of different sites and buildings,some fortified,some purelyresidential,from long abandoned prehistoric camps to pseudo-Gothic shams.The usage of the country,on which the makersof the maps relied,is no sure guide in this respect.Yet the con-fusion in popular memory is hardly surprising,when it is realizedthat even the early chroniclers,who were the contemporaries ofthe first true castles,were quite indiscriminate in their use ofsundry different terms of description.  \nNevertheless it is now clear that the term should not properlybe applied to any structure in the British Isles,whether of earthor stone,erected before the conquest of England by the Nor-mans,which was begun at the Battle of Hastings in A.D.1066.To this rule,the truth of which was established over a generationago,there are a very few exceptions,namely those castles whichwere built by favourites of the English King,Edward the Con-fessor,about A.D.roso;but these men were Normans,the pre-cursors of the later invaders,and their works hardly belie thestatement that,whilst England was a Saxon kingdom,castleswere unknown this side of the English Channel.  \nA castle was a private fortress,of king or noble,and was aproduct of the feudal system.That system,which grew stro","cbCairxNqAvqk1eq","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairxNqAvqk1eq","pdf",3210388,88,"English","# THE MEANING OF THE WORD“CASTLE”\n# THE EARLIEST CASTLES\n## Early stone castles\n## Medieval sieges\n## Rectangular keeps\n## Shell keeps\n## Mines and the remedy\n## Round towers\n## The castles of the thirteenth century\n## The Edwardian castles of North Wales\n## The English house of the Middle Ages\n## Castles of livery and maintenance\n## Introduction of firearms\n## Coastal defence\n## Some castles of especial interest\n## Plans\n## Glossary","[{\"question\":\"What does the book say the word “castle” should properly refer to?\",\"answer\":\"It states that “castle” should not be applied to every fortified or residential structure in the British Isles, especially those erected before the Norman conquest beginning with the Battle of Hastings in A.D. 1066. Only a few exceptions are described.\"},{\"question\":\"Why did castles develop in England after the Norman Conquest?\",\"answer\":\"The book links castles to the feudal system imposed after the conquest. This system relied on vassal service to the king and protection offered by private fortresses.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the earliest castles built, according to the text?\",\"answer\":\"It describes most early Norman castles as motte-and-bailey: a high earthen mound (motte) with a ditch, a flat top with palisade, and one or more enclosed baileys connected by a bridge.\"}]","CASTLES - An Introduction to the Castles of England and Wales | PDF",1791861627,136]