[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-85020-en":3,"doc-seo-85020-105":29,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},85020,1374391975076,"Riley","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000253ca4ec9f6853?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1783305029341752051",8,"Research & Report","Cascading Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Barangays in the Philippines","COVID-19 disrupted socio-economic and healthcare systems in the Philippines, with effects that cascaded through barangay life. This study analyzes how the pandemic altered mobility, public service access, economic and financial health, food security, educational engagement, and physical health. Using data from 2,122 Filipino households collected May–June 2021 from the World Bank COVID-19 Households Survey, it builds a Bayesian network (via pyAgrum) and extends it into an influence diagram. Findings support targeted interventions for recovery and future preparedness.","Cascading Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Barangays  \nin the Philippines  \nNaomi Ashley Amparo, John Frederick Muji, Paul James Montecillo, Jaymar Soriano, and Vena Pearl Bongolan∗ Systems Modelling and Simulation Laboratory Department of Computer Science University of the Philippines 1101 Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines  \nAbstract  \nThe COVID-19 pandemic disrupted socio-economic and healthcare systems in the Philippines, significantly affecting barangays [9] . This study analyzes the cascading effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on key aspects of a barangay, namely mobility, accessibility of public services, economic and financial health, food security, educational engagement, and physical health. It focuses on data from 2, 122 Filipino households collected during May to June 2021 as part of the World Bank COVID-19 Households Survey [15] . A Bayesian network model was constructed to programmatically map the conditional dependencies among these variables, utilizing Python libraries such as pyAgrum [11] . Survey responses were grouped into common variables based on shared characteristics and standardized through z-score normalization to serve as nodes in the Bayesian network. By extending the Bayesian network into an influence diagram, this study’s findings will help identify interventions to guide local government units (LGUs) and policymakers in crafting tailored recovery programs and strategies that address impacts on physical health, economic and financial health, food security, public service access, mobility, and educational engagement. These efforts ultimately aim to enhance barangay resilience and preparedness for future public health crises. The results indicate that interventions aimed at boosting food production, stabilizing market prices, and expanding income opportunities are the most effective in improving community outcomes. This highlights the vital role of targeted economic and food security measures in mitigating the socio-economic impacts of the pandemic and offers valuable insights for shaping future response and recovery efforts.  \nKeywords: COVID-19 pandemic, barangays, bayesian network, local government units  \n1 Introduction  \nThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the socio-economic and healthcare systems of the Philippines. It triggered widespread job losses, restricted access to essential public services, and led to deteriorating conditions in local communities, particularly at the barangay level. As a result, financial hardship, food insecurity, increased crime rates, and worsening physical and mental health became widespread challenges.  \nAccording to a study conducted by the World Bank [15], the pandemic caused substantial negative effects across multiple dimensions of Filipino households, including employment, income and livelihood, food security, health, education, and access to financial services. These impacts were marked by a tripling of the unemployment rate, income losses, and an economic contraction of up to 9% . Containment measures such as the implemented quarantines further restricted mobility, disrupted educational systems through prolonged school closures, and intensified the uncertainty regarding a return to face-to-face learning.  \nThis study builds upon previous research titled \"From the COVID-19 Pandemic to the Mental Health of the Philippines: Modelling the Cascade of Disasters using an Influence Diagram\" [10] . While the earlier study focused on modeling the cascading effects of the pandemic on the mental health of Filipinos, this study aims to examine the broader ripple effects of the pandemic on key aspects of barangay life. Specifically, we investigate the impacts on mobility, accessibility of public services, economic and financial health, food security, educational engagement, and physical health  \nThe study draws on data from 2, 122 Filipino households collected between May and June 2021 as part of  \nthe World Bank COVID-19 Household Survey [15] . 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