[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-40214-en":3,"doc-seo-40214-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},40214,16904993612988,"Olivia Brown","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd",8,"Research & Report","Carley - Failure of the Anglo-Franco-Soviet Alliance in 1939","The article examines the collapse of the Anglo-French policy of appeasement at the start of World War II, focusing on the failure of Anglo-Franco-Soviet alliance negotiations in 1939. It contextualizes the “low, dishonest decade” shaped by the Great Depression, Nazi and Stalinist pressures, and the decline of collective-security efforts championed by Maxim Litvinov. The analysis traces how anti-Bolshevik fears, leaking talks, and disputes over Soviet troop access to Poland and Romania culminated in a Soviet-Nazi non-aggression pact and the German invasion of Poland.","This article was downloaded by:[Cambridge University Library]On:18 August 2015,At:00:07Publisher:Routledge  \nInforma Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number:1072954 Registered office:5 Howick Place,London,SW1P 1WG  \n# Europe-Asia Studies\n\nPublication details,including instructions for authors and subscription information:  \nhttp://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ceas20  \n# End of the 'low,dishonest decade':Failure of theAnglo-Franco-Soviet alliance in 1939\n\nMichael Jabara Carleya  \na Social Science Federation of Canada,Canadian Federation for the Humanities,Published online:06 Nov 2007.  \nTo cite this article:Michael Jabara Carley(1993)End of the 'low,dishonest decade':Failure of the Anglo-Franco-Soviet  \nalliance in 1939,Europe-Asia Studies,45:2,303-341.DOl:10.1080/09668139308412091  \nTo link to this article:httn·//dx doi orn/101080/09668139308412091  \nPLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE  \nTaylor &Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information(the“Content”)containedin the publications on our platform.However,Taylor &Francis,our agents,and our licensors make no  \nrepresentations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy,completeness,or suitability for any purpose of theContent.Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors,andare not the views of or endorsed by Taylor &Francis.The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon andshould be independently verified with primary sources of information.Taylor and Francis shall not beliable forany losses,actions,claims,proceedings,demands,costs,expenses,damages,and other liabilities whatsoeveror howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with,in relation to or arising out of the use ofthe Content.  \nThis article may be used for research,teaching,and private study purposes.Any substantial or systematicreproduction,redistribution,reselling,loan,sub-licensing,systematic supply,or distribution in anyform to anyone is expressly forbidden.Terms &Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions  \nDownloaded by [Cambridge University Library] at 00:07 18 August 2015  \n# End of the 'Low,Dishonest Decade':Failure of the Anglo-Franco-SovietAlliance in 1939\n\nMICHAEL JABARA CARLEY  \nIn September 1939,as World War II began,W.H.Auden wrote a verse whichpoignantly described the 1930s,so well in fact that the poem is sometimes remem-bered in the context of the failure of appeasement:  \nI sit in one of the dives on Fifty-Second StreetUncertain and afraidAs the clever hopes expireOf a low dishonest decade:Waves of anger and fearCirculate over the brightAnd darkened lands of the earth,Obsessing our private lives;The unmentionable odour of deathOffends the September night...  \nAuden's ‘low,dishonest decade'began with the Great Depression and unfolded asNazism and Stalinism oppressed Europe and Soviet Asia.The Anglo-French policyof appeasement led to the abandonment of Abyssinia,Austria and Spain and thebetrayal of Czechoslovakia.Yet in spite of all this,the decade was not withoutmoments of hope.The USSR,and especially its commissar for foreign affairs,MaximMaximovich Litvinov,offered 'collective security',or an anti-Nazi alliance,to Franceand Great Britain.Paradoxically,Stalin's blood-drenched wickedness did not meanthat Soviet foreign policy was wicked also.But in France and Great Britain thedetermination to resist fascism was sapped by hatred of bolshevism,fear of socialistrevolution,and sneaking admiration for Hitler's repression of the left.Inter-waranti-bolshevism was in fact so like anti-communism after 1945 that it poses thequestion of when the Cold War began and whether it was a cause or an effect of warin 1939.Anti-bolshevism inspired illusions that Nazi Germany could be encouragedto expand eastward—peaceably,economically,to be sure—to run up against theUSSR.The two scorpions'parlous embrace would leave France and Great Britain outof harm's way.  \nSu","cbCaifm4YY8LYqJ6","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifm4YY8LYqJ6","pdf",2952559,4,1,40,"English","en",105,"# The “low, dishonest decade” and European pressures\n## Appeasement, anti-Bolshevism, and shifting hopes\n# Breakdown of 1939 negotiations\n## Collective security proposals and rejection\n## Disputes over Red Army passage\n# From failed alliance talks to the non-aggression pact","[{\"question\":\"What does the article mean by the “low, dishonest decade”?\",\"answer\":\"It describes the 1930s shaped by the Great Depression and intensified by the rise of Nazism and Stalinism, culminating in the breakdown of appeasement policies and hopes for collective security.\"},{\"question\":\"Why did the Anglo-French side fail to reach an alliance with the USSR in 1939?\",\"answer\":\"The negotiations were weakened by hostility toward Bolshevism, fear of socialist revolution, and mistrust that undermined serious bargaining. Disagreements—especially over Red Army passage through Poland and Romania—also stalled the talks.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the key outcomes of the 1939 talks?\",\"answer\":\"After stalled negotiations, the Soviet government signed a non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany on 23 August 1939, followed by the German invasion of Poland a week later.\"}]",1783306945,101,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"carley-failure-of-the-anglo-franco-soviet-alliance-in-1939","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,53,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/carley-failure-of-the-anglo-franco-soviet-alliance-in-1939/40214/",{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-12","2026-07-06",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"What does the article mean by the “low, dishonest decade”?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"It describes the 1930s shaped by the Great Depression and intensified by the rise of Nazism and Stalinism, culminating in the breakdown of appeasement policies and hopes for collective security.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"Why did the Anglo-French side fail to reach an alliance with the USSR in 1939?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"The negotiations were weakened by hostility toward Bolshevism, fear of socialist revolution, and mistrust that undermined serious bargaining. Disagreements—especially over Red Army passage through Poland and Romania—also stalled the talks.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"What were the key outcomes of the 1939 talks?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"After stalled negotiations, the Soviet government signed a non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany on 23 August 1939, followed by the German invasion of Poland a week later.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,115,119,122,127,130,134],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":118},7,"Healthcare","healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":120,"slug":121},30,"research-report",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":126},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":129},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":131,"slug":133},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":135,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":137},19,"General","general"]