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The review synthesizes evidence on how short, technical credentials influence student outcomes and highlights labor-market returns, with variation by location, field, and student characteristics. It examines career pathway programs, sectoral partnerships, and apprenticeships, noting mixed effects and gaps in persistence, completion, and long-term employment outcomes.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/career-and-technical-education-at-community-colleges-a-review-of-the-literature/590179/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/career-and-technical-education-at-community-colleges-a-review-of-the-literature/590179.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Adam","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-08","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What outcomes does the review focus on regarding CTE participation?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The review examines evidence describing how earning short, technical CTE credentials affects students’ outcomes, including earnings and employment, while also discussing persistence and completion gaps.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What does the literature suggest about labor-market returns from technical credentials?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"On average, the research indicates significant labor-market returns to short, technical credentials, though returns vary across locations, fields of study, and student characteristics.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why does the review emphasize gaps in existing research?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The review notes that much of the literature is limited to short-term outcomes and that relatively few studies address persistence, completion, and medium- to long-term employment and earnings effects.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},590179,1792192508,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},1374404737137,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","AERA Open  \nJanuary-December 2023, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 1–17 DOI: 10. 1177/23328584231186618  \nArticle reuse guidelines: [sagepub.com/journals-permissions](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[ ](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)© The Author(s) 2023. [https://journals.sagepub.com/home/ero](https://journals.sagepub.com/home/ero)  \nCareer and Technical Education at Community Colleges: A Review of the Literature  \nAdela Soliz  \nVanderbilt University  \nI review the literature evaluating sub-baccalaureate career and technical education (CTE) at community colleges. The goal of this study is to review the evidence describing how earning these types of credentials affects students’outcomes, as well as which program characteristics contribute to student success. The research suggests that, on average, there are significant labor-market returns to obtaining short, technical credentials, although the returns vary across locations and fields of study. Researchers examining career pathway programs, sectoral partnerships, and apprenticeships have found mixed effects of participating in these programs, although so far, the literature is largely limited to short-term outcomes. More research is needed that ties program characteristics to student outcomes to develop our understanding of how to increase the probability of success for students enrolling in postsecondary CTE. We also need more studies examining the long-term outcomes for students graduating from these programs.  \nKeywords: career and technical education, community colleges, descriptive analysis, higher education, literature review, postsecondary education, vocational education  \nRapid technological change and international trade have changed the labor market. There is now less demand for lower skilled workers performing repetitive tasks and more demand for “middle skilled” workers with some postsecondary training (Autor, 2014; Autor & Dorn, 2013; Holzer, 2015a, 2015b; Levy & Murnane, 1996) . Community and technical colleges play an important role in providing access to postsecondary education, including the type of career and technical education (CTE) that could increase opportunities for disadvantaged workers.  \nThe purpose of this review is to examine the evidence on the effect of participating in postsecondary CTE at public 2-year colleges on student outcomes. My goal is to present what we know about the effects of participating in CTE at community and technical colleges as well as evidence from programs that could inform the design of future public 2-year college credentials. This review comes at an ideal time, for improving CTE is one of the few policy issues that currently receives bipartisan support (Rosen et al., 2018) . In addition, there are ongoing debates about extending Pell eligibility to programs that would provide short, non-credit career and technical credentials (Lederman, 2021) . As well, the volume of research evaluating postsecondary CTE programs and credentials is large enough to support some key findings, while also suggesting several gaps. The research reviewed here can inform the work of policymakers and community college leaders aiming to improve the lives of workers and maintain this country’s economic competitiveness.  \nThis review is guided by the following research questions. First, what is the effect of participating in postsecondary CTE at public 2-year colleges on student outcomes? Second, what does the extant literature suggest are best practices for postsecondary CTE? I find that not much literature addresses persistence and completion in CTE, despite the fact that these students may experience unique barriers to persistence. At the same time, my findings suggest that participating in postsecondary CTE has a positive effect on short-term earnings for students, in general, although there is heterogeneity across states, programs, fields of study, and student characteristics. Research reports evaluating career pathways and sectoral partnerships suggest t","cbCaihvkLxYf2g1O","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihvkLxYf2g1O","pdf",475705,17,"English","# Introduction\n## Background and purpose\n# Research questions and findings\n## Evidence on effects and best practices\n## Program components, partnerships, and apprenticeships\n# Gaps and future directions","[{\"question\":\"What outcomes does the review focus on regarding CTE participation?\",\"answer\":\"The review examines evidence describing how earning short, technical CTE credentials affects students’ outcomes, including earnings and employment, while also discussing persistence and completion gaps.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the literature suggest about labor-market returns from technical credentials?\",\"answer\":\"On average, the research indicates significant labor-market returns to short, technical credentials, though returns vary across locations, fields of study, and student characteristics.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the review emphasize gaps in existing research?\",\"answer\":\"The review notes that much of the literature is limited to short-term outcomes and that relatively few studies address persistence, completion, and medium- to long-term employment and earnings effects.\"}]","Career and Technical Education at Community Colleges: A Review of the Literature | PDF",1792069001,43]