[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-503355-105":59,"doc-detail-503355-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","cardiovascular-reactivity-to-acute-mental-stress-in-post-ovulatory-females","Cardiovascular Reactivity to Acute Mental Stress in Post Ovulatory Females","","Female hormones vary across menstrual-cycle phases, and reduced estrogen during the luteal/post-ovulatory window may alter cardio-protective effects. Acute mental stress at this phase could increase sympathetic activation, with potential long-term links to cardiovascular disease risk. This observational study examined autonomic cardiovascular reactivity to a short mental stress exposure by recording short-term heart rate variability during rest and stress conditions in young healthy post-ovulatory females.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/cardiovascular-reactivity-to-acute-mental-stress-in-post-ovulatory-females/503355/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/cardiovascular-reactivity-to-acute-mental-stress-in-post-ovulatory-females/503355.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Rowan","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-08","2026-10-03",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What was the study designed to investigate in post-ovulatory females?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The study explored autonomic cardiovascular activity and heart-rate-variability responses to acute mental stress during the post-ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How was mental stress administered and how was HRV measured?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Participants completed nine problem-solving questions selected from the MENSA workout questionnaire for 5 minutes, while short-term heart rate variability (5 minutes at rest and during stress) was recorded simultaneously.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What changes occurred in HRV parameters after acute mental stress?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Acute mental stress significantly decreased RMSSD, NN50, and PNN50 in time-domain measures and HF nu in frequency-domain measures, indicating withdrawal of cardiac parasympathetic activity.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},503355,1791302091,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},1099514067415,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002539d78ffe74a7?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779092875211072502","J Nepal Health Res Counc 2020 Oct-Dec;18(49): 626-31  \nDOI:[https://doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v18i4.2555](https://doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v18i4.2555)  \nCardiovascular Reactivity to Acute Mental Stress in Post Ovulatory Females  \nKarishma Rajbhandari Pandey,1 Rita Khadka,1 Kopila Agrawal,2 Bishnu Hari Paudel,1 Dipesh Raj Panday3  \n1Department of Basic and Clinical Physiology, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal, 2Department of Physiology, Birat Medical College, Nepal, 3Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, B.P.Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal.  \nABSTRACT  \nBackground: Female hormones fluctuate with the phases of menstrual cycle. Estrogen, which has attributes in cardio-protection, is secreted less during luteal phase. In post-ovulatory phase, days 1-2 before menstruation has minimal female hormone influence due to less secretion. Mental stress subjected at this phase might enhance sympathetic activation which in long run may precipitate cardiovascular diseases. Hence, to explore the autonomic activity to mental stress during this phase of menstrual cycle the study was undertaken .  \nMethods: Thirty apparently healthy young postovulatory female medical students of B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Nepal of age 19.93 (± 0.91) years with BMI of 20.70 kg/m2 (± 2.49) kg/m2 were recruited for the present study. Their short term heart rate variability (HRV) of 5 min was recorded during rest at sitting position. Then each subject was given a mental stress (nine questions selected from MENSA workout questionnaire) for 5 min. During the stress, HRV was recorded simultaneously. Data was statistically analyzed using Friedman test followed by multiple comparisons.The p\u003C0.005 was considered statistically significant.  \nResults: Mental stress significantly decreased RMSSD (p= 0.001), NN50 (p= 0.001) and PNN50 (p=0.001) in time domain and HF nu (p=0.012) in frequency domain parameters of HRV.  \nConclusions: Young healthy post ovulatory females responded to acute mental stress by withdrawing cardiac parasympathetic activity.  \nKeywords: Female; HRV; mental stress  \nINTRODUCTION  \nMental stress increases heart rate and blood pressure,1 which are directly proportional to stress level and reactivity.2 Further, greater reactivity and late recovery from stress have been related to future cardiovascular risks.3  \nFemales seem less likely to have cardiovascular diseases (CVD) owing to estrogen.4 We set out to show that our understanding of the stress response is fundamentally altered once sex differences are taken into account. This is achieved by comparing the heart rate variability (HRV Yet, recent studies have stated that menstrual cycle is one of the potential modulators of the autonomic nervous system reactivity to stress.5 It is postulated that hypothalmo-pituitary-adrenal axis response is higher in luteal phase.6 This cardiovascular reactivity to stress can be appraised by employing Heart rate variability (HRV) .7  \nLess studies have been done in luteal phase especially 1-2 days prior to menstruation when female sex hormone secretion is minimal.8 Mental stress subjected at this phase might enhance sympathetic activation which, in long run, may precipitate CVD. Hence, to explore the autonomic activity to mental stress during this phase of menstrual cycle, this study was done.  \nMETHODS  \nAn observational study was conducted in 30 young healthy post ovulatory female medical students of B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan, after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutes Review Board. An informed written consent was obtained from all of the enrolled subjects. The participants were 19.93 ± 0.91 years and had BMI of 20.70 ± 2.49 kg/m2. Study samples enrolled were without any history of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and psychiatric illness  \nCorrespondence: Dr Karishma Rajbhandari Pandey, Department of Basic and Clinical  \nPhysiology, B.P. Koirala Institute","cbCaiqNJGoUdNKk7","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqNJGoUdNKk7","pdf",237603,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusions\n# Introduction\n# Methods","[{\"question\":\"What was the study designed to investigate in post-ovulatory females?\",\"answer\":\"The study explored autonomic cardiovascular activity and heart-rate-variability responses to acute mental stress during the post-ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle.\"},{\"question\":\"How was mental stress administered and how was HRV measured?\",\"answer\":\"Participants completed nine problem-solving questions selected from the MENSA workout questionnaire for 5 minutes, while short-term heart rate variability (5 minutes at rest and during stress) was recorded simultaneously.\"},{\"question\":\"What changes occurred in HRV parameters after acute mental stress?\",\"answer\":\"Acute mental stress significantly decreased RMSSD, NN50, and PNN50 in time-domain measures and HF nu in frequency-domain measures, indicating withdrawal of cardiac parasympathetic activity.\"}]","Cardiovascular Reactivity to Acute Mental Stress in Post Ovulatory Females | PDF",1791054485,15]