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Squamous cell carcinoma is decreasing in Eastern populations, while adenocarcinoma is increasing in Western settings, likely influenced by obesity and lifestyle changes. Screening and surveillance are recommended for high-risk patients and Barrett’s esophagus. Diagnosis and staging rely on endoscopy with virtual chromoendoscopy, endoscopic ultrasound, and CT. Treatment spans endoscopic therapy for early disease, surgery as a key approach, and emerging multimodality strategies including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/carcinoma-of-esophagus-abstract-and-advances-in-management/366345/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/carcinoma-of-esophagus-abstract-and-advances-in-management/366345.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"McQueen","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How do squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma trends differ across regions?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Squamous cell carcinoma is declining in the East, whereas adenocarcinoma is rising in the West. 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Squamous cell carcinoma is declining in the East, but adenocarcinoma is rising in the West, probably related to the pandemic of obesity and changing lifestyle. Screening of esophageal cancer (both endoscopic and nonendoscopic methods) is recommended in patients suffering from long-term acid reflux symptoms associated with high-risk factors and surveillance in patients with Barrett's esophagus. Endoscopy with virtual chromoendoscopy, endoscopic ultrasound, and CT scan is essential for diagnosis and staging of the disease. Endoscopic therapy can be used to treat early diseases. Surgery remains a mainstay treatment. Multimodality treatment strategies involving combinations of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and more recently immunotherapy and target therapies are gaining momentum.  \n1 | Search Strategy and Selection Criteria  \nA literature search was completed in PubMed using the search term “esophageal carcinoma, ca esophagus” as well as subcategories of “squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus, adenocarcinoma of esophagus” for articles published between January 1, 2013 and June 30, 2023. For initial selection, search filters were used to identify clinical trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews. Articles published in the past 5years were primarily selected, but frequently cited landmark papers were also included. We also searched the reference lists of articles identified by this search strategy and selected those that we deemed to be high-impact to the field.  \n2 | New Advances in Management of Carcinoma of Esophagus  \n• Squamous cell carcinoma is declining in the East, but adenocarcinoma is rising in the West. This is probably related  \nto increase obesity and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in Western countries.  \n• Most national and international Gastroenterology Societies have guidelines for Barrett's esophagus, which are predicated on endoscopy as the screening modality.  \n• Nonendoscopic tests such as capsule sponge-TFF3 test and inflatable balloon capsule are increasingly used as a triage to endoscopy to confirm the diagnosis.  \n• Endoscopic methods (endoscopic mucosal resection [EMR] and endoscopic submucosal dissection [ESD]) to remove early (T1aN0M0) tumors are safe and effective and should be considered standard of care.  \n• For clinical stage T1b-2N0M0 cancers, esophagectomy without additional treatment is standard therapy. For more locally advanced T3 or node positive disease, preoperative treatment with chemotherapy or combined chemoradiotherapy is the standard of care.  \n\n| Joseph Sung is the first author. |\n| --- |\n| This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.\u003Cbr>© 2025 The Author(s). Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology published by Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Foundation and John Wiley & So","cbCaioVsDWRoenyL","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioVsDWRoenyL","pdf",2009294,15,"English","# Abstract\n# Search Strategy and Selection Criteria\n# New Advances in Management of Carcinoma of Esophagus\n# Introduction\n## Clinical Presentation","[{\"question\":\"How do squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma trends differ across regions?\",\"answer\":\"Squamous cell carcinoma is declining in the East, whereas adenocarcinoma is rising in the West. The document links this shift to obesity-related changes and increasing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in Western countries.\"},{\"question\":\"What methods are recommended for screening, diagnosis, and staging?\",\"answer\":\"Screening is recommended for high-risk patients with long-term acid reflux symptoms and for surveillance in Barrett’s esophagus. Diagnosis and staging use endoscopy with virtual chromoendoscopy, endoscopic ultrasound, and CT scanning.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the key treatment strategies by disease stage and modality?\",\"answer\":\"Endoscopic therapy can treat early disease, while surgery is a mainstay. For multimodality care, combinations of chemotherapy and radiotherapy are central, with immunotherapy and target therapies increasingly used. The document also describes stage-specific standard approaches, including surgery alone for certain early stages and preoperative chemoradiotherapy for more advanced disease.\"}]","Carcinoma of Esophagus - Abstract and Advances in Management | PDF",1790164941,38]