[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-182189-105":59,"doc-detail-182189-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","carbon-paper-and-typewriter-ribbons","Carbon Paper and Typewriter Ribbons","","Circular letter from the U.S. National Bureau of Standards (June 11, 1940) provides general guidance on manufacturing carbon paper and typewriter ribbons. It explains that published manufacturing information and formulas—especially for ribbon ink and paper coatings—are limited, so it encourages users to conduct comparative tests on their own typewriters. The document describes the grinding and dispersion principles behind carbon black coatings and discusses how coating hardness, surface finish, and related factors affect performance, smudging, and wear.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/carbon-paper-and-typewriter-ribbons/182189/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/carbon-paper-and-typewriter-ribbons/182189.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Clementine","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-08","2026-09-02",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",14,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Why does the Bureau advise readers to test carbon paper and typewriter ribbon brands themselves?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Published information on manufacturing and the relative merits of all market brands is limited, so no single brand can be claimed as definitively best. Readers are advised to run comparative tests to decide for themselves.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What process is emphasized for making a workable ink or coating?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Carbon black must be ground together with oils and other ingredients so pigment clumps are separated and dispersed throughout the vehicle. Simple stirring is not enough; grinding is required to coat particles properly.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How do hardness and surface finish affect carbon paper results?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Hardness and surface finish strongly influence suitability for different work. Soft coatings may smear during erasures or handling, while hard coatings can flake off when the paper is crumpled.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},182189,1788347525,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":105,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},1374391974564,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000253aa45c000a9e?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779874745381141002","DEPARTNENT OF COMMERCENATIONAL BUREAUrOF STANDARDSWASHINGTON  \nJune 11,1940  \n# CARBON PÁPER AND TYPEWRITER RIBBONS\n\nThis letter circular hes been written to give somegeneral information on the manufacture of carbon paper andtypewriter ribbons,and to describe the methods of testingin greater detail than is possible in an ordinary letter..By following the instructions any careful person can makecomparative tests of samples of different brands on an ordi-nary typewriter,and wili then be able to form an opinion asto their relative merits for the work to be done.  \nThe National Bureau of Standards often receives lettersthat ask for information about carbon paper and typewriterribbons.  Some of the writers ask.what are the best brandsto buy.  The Bureau can not possibly keep fully informed aboutthe relative merits of all the brands of carbon paper and rib-bons that are on the market.  To say that any given brand ofeither naterial is the best might be untrue,because the state-ment would be based upon incomplete information.  Correspon-dents who ask what to buy are advised to do their own testingand to decide for thenselves.  \nGeneral  \nVery little published information on the manufacture ofcarbon paner and typewriter ribbons can be found.  This isespeciaily true of formulas for the ink used in the ribbons,and for the coating(also called \"ink\"by the manufacturer)on the paper.  The books of formulas to be found in everypublic library tell how to make the se materials.  The readeris told to mix the ingredients,though simple mixing will notas a rule make a satisfactory product.  The materials must beground together in a suitable mill,in order to disperse theparticles of pigment,or solid coloring matter,throughoutthe vehicle(the more or less liquid part)or the ink.  Fine-grained as it looks,carbon black is imade up of clumps of muchfiner particles clinging together.  Grinding the ink mixtureseparates the particles from one another and coats them withthe vehicle,so that new clumps will not be formed.Stirringthe mixture will not break up the clumps,nor is this easy toaccomplish by hand-grinding with a mortar and pestle.  If bydint of persistent grinding by hand some patient person suc-ceeds in making a proper ink or coating,he is confronted.with the problem of spreading it by hand,uniformly and inthe right quantity,upon the ribbon fabric or the paper tissue.It is safe to say that the finished product,whether a type-Triter ribbon or a sheet of carbon paper,will not be equal inquality to the cheapest kind that can be bought.  \n5  \nSome of the producers sell carbon black that_can be useddirectly,without the necessity of grinding it.  The carbonis in the form of a solid or semisolid paste,which has evi-dently been thoroughly ground with special \"dispersing agents\"or protective colloids.\"Whichever it is called,the namesimbly means that the special admixed material makes the part-icles of carbon black disperse readily through a liquid andremain a long time in this condition without settling to thebottom.  \n# Manufacture and Properties of Carbon Paper\n\nThe formulas for making carbon paper,which are given innearly all the books of formulas referred to,are evidentlyfor the soft pencil-carbon coating,and not for the relativelyhard coating generally used for typewriting.  The followingformula taken from a German chemical journal is for pencilcarbon.  In this,as in the other formulas given in thisletter circular,all the ingredients are in parts oy weight.  \nGrind together 10 parts of carbon black and40 parts of paraffin oil or other mineral oil.Add12/3 parts of nigrosine base dissolved in31/3 parts oT oleic acid(commercial red oil);and finally add 40 parts of paraffin or ceresindissolved in 30 parts of oil at 40°to 50°℃(104°to 1220F).  Grind again and spreed whileat 40°to 50°℃.  \nThe large proportion of oil and the absence of carnaubawax and other waxes that are harder than ceresin show thatthis formula will make a coating softer than that customaryfo","cbCaigHnUNJtMtVc","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigHnUNJtMtVc","pdf",1274780,"English","# Carbon Paper and Typewriter Ribbons\n## General information and self-testing guidance\n## Manufacture and properties of carbon paper","[{\"question\":\"Why does the Bureau advise readers to test carbon paper and typewriter ribbon brands themselves?\",\"answer\":\"Published information on manufacturing and the relative merits of all market brands is limited, so no single brand can be claimed as definitively best. Readers are advised to run comparative tests to decide for themselves.\"},{\"question\":\"What process is emphasized for making a workable ink or coating?\",\"answer\":\"Carbon black must be ground together with oils and other ingredients so pigment clumps are separated and dispersed throughout the vehicle. Simple stirring is not enough; grinding is required to coat particles properly.\"},{\"question\":\"How do hardness and surface finish affect carbon paper results?\",\"answer\":\"Hardness and surface finish strongly influence suitability for different work. Soft coatings may smear during erasures or handling, while hard coatings can flake off when the paper is crumpled.\"}]","Carbon Paper and Typewriter Ribbons | PDF",35]