[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-339514-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-339514-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","car-t-cell-based-cancer-immunotherapies-potentials-limitations-and-future-prospects","CAR-T-Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapies - Potentials, Limitations, and Future Prospects","","Cancer involves cellular and genetic alterations that require immunotherapies able to address both dimensions effectively. T cells can recognize tumor antigens and thereby drive targeted killing, enabling cellular immunotherapy development. Gene-editing methods such as CRISPR-Cas9 support engineered chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), improving over earlier approaches. CAR-T therapy shows strong clinical benefit across malignancies but faces major limitations in solid tumors, including toxicity and efficacy barriers. Strategies include improved CAR designs, combination immunotherapies, and AI-augmented logic-gated CARs, alongside discussion of development methods and applications.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/car-t-cell-based-cancer-immunotherapies-potentials-limitations-and-future-prospects/339514/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/car-t-cell-based-cancer-immunotherapies-potentials-limitations-and-future-prospects/339514.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Violet","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"How do T cells help fight cancer in CAR-T approaches?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"T cells can specifically recognize antigens on cancer cells, and this targeting ability underpins cellular immunotherapies including CAR-T.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"Why is CRISPR-Cas9 important for CAR-T development?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"CRISPR-Cas9 enables precise DNA editing that allows generation of genetically engineered chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) for T cells.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What major challenges limit CAR-T effectiveness in solid tumors?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The review highlights challenges that reduce CAR-T effectiveness in solid tumors, motivating strategies to improve efficacy and safety.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},339514,1790594252,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},4398048950312,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/400002538284de19e3c?_k=1778320343897328908","Review  \nCAR-T-Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapies: Potentials, Limitations, and Future Prospects  \nMahmood S. Choudhery 1,*, Taqdees Arif 1, Ruhma Mahmood 2 and David T. Harris 3  \nCitation: Choudhery, M.S.; Arif, T.; Mahmood, R.; Harris, D.T.  \nCAR-T-Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapies: Potentials, Limitations, and Future Prospects. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 3202. [https://](https://)[ ](https://)[doi.org/10.3390/jcm13113202](doi.org/10.3390/jcm13113202)  \nAcademic Editor: Giuseppina Barutello  \nReceived: 14 March 2024  \nRevised: 17 May 2024  \nAccepted: 23 May 2024  \nPublished: 29 May 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Department of Human Genetics & Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan; [taqdeesarif01@gmail.com](taqdeesarif01@gmail.com)  \n2 Jinnah Hospital, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore 54700, Pakistan; [ruhma_mahmood@yahoo.com](ruhma_mahmood@yahoo.com)  \n3 Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences Biorepository, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5221, USA; [davidh@email.arizona.edu](davidh@email.arizona.edu)  \n* [Correspondence: ms20031@yahoo.com](Correspondence: ms20031@yahoo.com); Tel.: +92-3214110849  \nAbstract: Cancer encompasses various elements occurring at the cellular and genetic levels, necessitating an immunotherapy capable of efficiently addressing both aspects. T cells can combat cancer cells by specifically recognizing antigens on them. This innate capability of T cells has been used to develop cellular immunotherapies, but most of them can only target antigens through major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) . New gene-editing techniques such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-cas9) can precisely edit the DNA sequences. CRISPR-cas9 has made it possible to generate genetically engineered chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that can overcome the problems associated with old immunotherapies. Inchimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy, the patient’s T cells are isolated and genetically modified to exhibit synthetic CAR(s) . CAR-T cell treatment has shown remarkably positive clinical outcomes in cancers of various types. Nevertheless, there are various challenges that reduce CAR-T effectiveness in solid tumors. It is required to address these challenges in order to make CAR-T cell therapy a better and safer option. Combining CAR-T treatment with other immunotherapies that target multiple antigens has shown positive outcomes. Moreover, recently generated Boolean logic-gated advanced CARs along with artificial intelligence has expanded its potential to treat solid tumors in addition to blood cancers. This review aims to describe the structure, types, and various methods used to develop CAR-T cells. The clinical applications of CAR-T cells in hematological malignancies and solid tumours have been described in detail. In addition, this discussion has addressed the limitations associated with CAR-T cells, explored potential strategies to mitigate CAR-T-related toxicities, and delved into future perspectives.  \nKeywords: CAR-T therapy; CRISPR-Cas9; artificial intelligence; Boolean-gated CARs  \n1. Background  \nCancer is a complex group of disorders described by uncontrolled cell growth and metastasis, affecting millions of people every year. Its epidemiology varies across regions and is influenced by factors such as genetics, epigenetics, lifestyle choices, and environmental exposures contributing to its diverse impact worldwide. The origin of abnormal cell growth in cancer requires tailored approaches involving chemotherapy, surgery,","cbCaiecX370C3Pno","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiecX370C3Pno","pdf",1768766,47,"English","# Background\n## Overview of cancer and need for alternative long-term therapies\n## Immunotherapy and immune-cell involvement in tumor control\n## Cellular immunotherapies and adoptive cell therapies\n## Introduction to CAR-T and T-cell targeting","[{\"question\":\"How do T cells help fight cancer in CAR-T approaches?\",\"answer\":\"T cells can specifically recognize antigens on cancer cells, and this targeting ability underpins cellular immunotherapies including CAR-T.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is CRISPR-Cas9 important for CAR-T development?\",\"answer\":\"CRISPR-Cas9 enables precise DNA editing that allows generation of genetically engineered chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) for T cells.\"},{\"question\":\"What major challenges limit CAR-T effectiveness in solid tumors?\",\"answer\":\"The review highlights challenges that reduce CAR-T effectiveness in solid tumors, motivating strategies to improve efficacy and safety.\"}]","CAR-T-Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapies - Potentials, Limitations, and Future Prospects | PDF",1790030725,118]