[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-455664-105":59,"doc-detail-455664-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","capacitive-photocharging-of-gold-nanorods","Capacitive photocharging of gold nanorods","","Capacitive photocharging of gold nanorods is investigated for light-induced reactions in situ by tracking the rods’ longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonance as charge accumulates. A capacitor-based model quantifies the number of charges on the particles and links it to illumination intensity. The study shows that added charges raise the Fermi level and all energy bands via the repulsive potential. Solvent dependence, particle size, and ligand type measurements support the proposed mechanism and enable rational engineering of dynamic charge accumulation during plasmon-driven photoreactions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/capacitive-photocharging-of-gold-nanorods/455664/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/capacitive-photocharging-of-gold-nanorods/455664.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Riley","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-07","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How is charging of gold nanorods monitored in this study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Charging is tracked in situ using the sensitivity of the rods’ longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonance to charge accumulation.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What model is proposed to quantify the charge on the nanoparticles?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The particles are described as nanocapacitors, and a model is presented to quantify the number of charges and their connection to illumination intensity.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What effect do the accumulated charges have on electronic energy levels?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The repulsive potential from additional charges raises the Fermi level and all other energy bands.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},455664,1790815837,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},1374391975076,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000253ca4ec9f6853?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1783305029341752051","Article [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-67130-8](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-67130-8)  \nCapacitive photocharging of gold nanorods  \nReceived: 27 September 2023  \n\n| Accepted: 3 November 2025 |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Check for updates |\n\nFelix Stete 1, Matias Bargheer 1,2 & Wouter Koopman 1   \nLight can charge plasmonic nanoparticles by photoredox reactions, significantly modifying their optical and chemical properties. However, the charging process has been challenging to track experimentally, severely hindering its thorough evaluation. In this study, we investigate the charging of gold nanorods during a light-induced reaction in situ, utilizing the sensitivity of the rods’ longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonance to charge accumulation. Describing the particles as nanocapacitors, we present a model to quantify the number of charges on the particles and their connection to the illumination intensity. We find that the Fermi level, together with all other energy bands, is raised because of the repulsive potential of the additional charges. Experimental observations of the dependence on the solvent, the particle size, and ligand type further corroborate the proposed capacitor model. The results presented in this study lay the groundwork for the rational engineering of dynamic charge accumulation during plasmon-driven photoreactions.  \nDue to their broadband optical absorption resulting from localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) and their ability to catalyze abroad variety of chemical reactions, noble metal nanoparticles are increasingly recognized as promising photocatalysts1–3. Both, the particles’ characteristic optical and chemical properties are largely governed by the density of their conduction band electrons and are hence susceptible to the number of charges stored on the particle. Indeed, it was shown that charging the particle, e.g., by the application of an external voltage4,5 or the addition of a strong reducing agent6 alters both, the particles’ plasmon resonance wavelength6,7 and its ability to catalyze reactions8.  \nWith regard to their use as photocatalysts, a photoinduced chemical charging of noble metal nanoparticles is of particular importance. Charge accumulation as a result of photoassisted oxidation or reduction processes was reported for electrodes9–11 and semiconductor nanoparticles12,13 and is likely to play a role in photocatalysis12–16 and photo-electrochemistry9,10,17–19. The relevance of photocharging for plasmon chemistry was first realized by Brus and co-workers who discovered a photovoltage present during the photoinduced growth of silver particles that they assigned to the lightinduced oxidation of citrate19–21. Later, Jain and co-workers presented evidence for a photocharge-induced lowering of the activation energy for plasmon-driven reactions under illumination22. The rationale underlying this currently most advanced understanding of the  \nphotocharging process can be summarized as follows: The decay of plasmon-excitations generates electron–hole pairs, either by interband excitation or by Landau damping23. These excited charges readily oxidize and/or reduce nearby molecules. If the half-reactions proceed with different rates, a dynamic excess charge accumulates on the particle. This photocharging is claimed to shift the Fermi level of the metal, thereby changing the activation barrier for charge transfer22,24. Such a mechanism might explain the photo-enhancement observed in several studies19,20,25–30, including the reduction of CO227,28, the oxidation of water28, the anisotropic growth of gold nanoprisms25, and the enhancement of multielectron reaction steps30. It could also be envisioned to selectively enhance particular plasmon-driven reaction pathways by systematically tuning the Fermi level through photocharging28,29.  \nDespite the obviously huge potential for advancing plasmoncatalysis through photocharging, the current understanding of the photochemical charging process remai","cbCaiskfGgl5As3y","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiskfGgl5As3y","pdf",1123034,"English","# Introduction\n# Photocharging of noble metal nanoparticles\n# Microkinetic limitations and Coulomb repulsion\n# Need for direct probes of charge accumulation\n# Aim and in situ plasmon-resonance model","[{\"question\":\"How is charging of gold nanorods monitored in this study?\",\"answer\":\"Charging is tracked in situ using the sensitivity of the rods’ longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonance to charge accumulation.\"},{\"question\":\"What model is proposed to quantify the charge on the nanoparticles?\",\"answer\":\"The particles are described as nanocapacitors, and a model is presented to quantify the number of charges and their connection to illumination intensity.\"},{\"question\":\"What effect do the accumulated charges have on electronic energy levels?\",\"answer\":\"The repulsive potential from additional charges raises the Fermi level and all other energy bands.\"}]","Capacitive photocharging of gold nanorods | PDF",1790743798,25]