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Results: Eight studies (2001–2022) were included, mostly in North America; in vitro results showed IC50 values of 0.16–4.1 μg/mL, while all in vivo studies reported positive antimalarial effects. Toxicity evidence remained limited with unclear bias risk. Conclusions: Future work should detail study design and further validate toxicity.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/cannabis-derived-compounds-against-plasmodium-sp-a-systematic-review-of-preclinical-studies/455706/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/cannabis-derived-compounds-against-plasmodium-sp-a-systematic-review-of-preclinical-studies/455706.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Genevieve","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-08","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",5,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is the primary objective of this systematic review?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"To evaluate preclinical studies on the effects and toxicity of cannabis-derived compounds against Plasmodium sp.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"Which databases and study types were included?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The review searched Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and LILACS up to December 2024, including in vitro or in vivo studies that assessed activity or toxicity against Plasmodium sp.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What do the included studies suggest about antimalarial activity and toxicity?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"In vitro studies reported IC50 values ranging from 0.16 to 4.1 μg/mL, indicating mild to high activity, and all in vivo studies reported positive antimalarial effects. Toxicity profiling was not extensively studied, and many studies had unknown or unclear risk of bias due to insufficient methodological details.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},455706,1790815840,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,100,105,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":55,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":111,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":115,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},1374391974585,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Tropical Medicine & International Health  \n SYSTEMATIC REVIEW  OPEN ACCESS   \nCannabis-Derived Compounds Against Plasmodium sp.: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies  \nTácio de Mendonça Lima1 | Luann Wendel Pereira de Sena2 | Ana Carolina Corrêa de Sousa3 | Gabriel Rodrigues Martins de Freitas4 | Inajara Rotta5 | Marília Berlofa Visacri6  \n1Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Brazil | 2Faculty of Collective Health, Federal University of the South and Southeast of Para, Marabá, Brazil | 3Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro,  \nRio de Janeiro, Brazil | 4Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil | 5Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil | 6Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil Correspondence: Tácio de Mendonça Lima ([taciolima@id.uff.br](taciolima@id.uff.br))  \nReceived: 8 May 2025 | Revised: 2 September 2025 | Accepted: 15 September 2025  \nFunding: The authors received no specific funding for this work.  \nKeywords: cannabis | malaria | plasmodium | preclinical drug evaluation  \nABSTRACT  \nObjective: This study aims to evaluate preclinical studies on the effects and toxicity of cannabis-derived compounds against Plasmodium sp.  \nMethods: A literature search was conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and LILACS databases until December 2024. Studies that assessed the activity or toxicity of cannabis against Plasmodium sp. in in vitro or in vivo studies were included. Two reviewers independently performed the study selection, data extraction and methodological assessment.  \nResults: Eight studies published between 2001 and 2022 were included, with the majority conducted in North America (n = 5) . Most in vitro studies focused on assessing antimalarial activity through half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), which ranged from 0.16 to 4.1 μg/mL, indicating mild to high activity. For the in vivo studies, all reported positive effects, including moderate antimalarial activity and disease tolerance. The toxicity profile of these compounds has not been extensively studied, and most studies present an unknown or unclear risk of bias due to insufficient methodological information.  \nConclusions: Future studies should provide more comprehensive details on study design and further validate these findings, especially concerning toxicity.  \n1 | Introduction  \nMalaria remains one of the most significant parasitic diseases worldwide, contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions [1] . Recognised as a neglected disease, Plasmodium sp. infection is transmitted by mosquitoes of the Anopheles genus, with Plasmodium falciparum being the most lethal species and responsible formost malaria-related deaths [2] . In 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated approximately 249 million cases and 608,000 malaria-related deaths across 85 endemic  \ncountries, with Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda and Mozambique accounting for nearly half of all cases [1] .  \nAlthough P. falciparum predominates in the development of malaria, other Plasmodium species also represent significant risks. For example, Plasmodium malariae has been linked to severe complications, including severe anaemia, pulmonary issues and kidney failure [3] . A systematic review by Kotepui et al. [4] found that approximately 3% of patients infected with P. malariae developed severe forms of the disease, with  \nThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  \n© 2025 The Author(s) . Tropical Medicine & International Health published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.  \nTropical Medicine & International Health, 2","cbCaitpmDmNdta6O","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitpmDmNdta6O","pdf",251486,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Global burden and transmission of malaria\n## Rationale for new antimalarial approaches\n## Prior evidence on cannabis and malaria\n# Materials and Methods","[{\"question\":\"What is the primary objective of this systematic review?\",\"answer\":\"To evaluate preclinical studies on the effects and toxicity of cannabis-derived compounds against Plasmodium sp.\"},{\"question\":\"Which databases and study types were included?\",\"answer\":\"The review searched Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and LILACS up to December 2024, including in vitro or in vivo studies that assessed activity or toxicity against Plasmodium sp.\"},{\"question\":\"What do the included studies suggest about antimalarial activity and toxicity?\",\"answer\":\"In vitro studies reported IC50 values ranging from 0.16 to 4.1 μg/mL, indicating mild to high activity, and all in vivo studies reported positive antimalarial effects. Toxicity profiling was not extensively studied, and many studies had unknown or unclear risk of bias due to insufficient methodological details.\"}]","Cannabis-Derived Compounds Against Plasmodium sp. - A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies | PDF",1790743931,23]