[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-338446-105":59,"doc-detail-338446-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","cancer-screening-and-cancer-treatment-in-kidney-transplant-recipients-review-overview","Cancer Screening and Cancer Treatment in Kidney Transplant Recipients - Review Overview","","As the population ages and post-transplant survival improves, pretransplant and post-transplant malignancy becomes increasingly common in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Rapid cancer-therapy advances raise questions about optimal cancer-free wait time and screening strategies, yet epidemiological evidence in KTRs remains incomplete. Candidates without prior cancer should be assessed for latent malignancies, while those with prior cancer require close monitoring. Treatment may involve lowering immunosuppression to strengthen antitumor immunity, balanced against increased rejection risk. Individualized risk-benefit assessment is essential, incorporating novel approaches such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR T-cell therapy.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/cancer-screening-and-cancer-treatment-in-kidney-transplant-recipients-review-overview/338446/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/cancer-screening-and-cancer-treatment-in-kidney-transplant-recipients-review-overview/338446.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Quinn","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why are cancer screening strategies for kidney transplant candidates not simply based on the general population?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"KTRs have a higher and cancer-type-specific risk, and prognosis is generally worse than in the general population. Evidence on the best way to screen and treat cancers in KTRs is incomplete, so current recommendations may not fully apply.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What should be evaluated for transplant candidates without a prior cancer history?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Candidates without prior malignancy should be evaluated for asymptomatic cancers, following guidelines such as those from KDIGO and local population-based recommendations.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How can cancer treatment after kidney transplant affect immunosuppression decisions?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Reducing immunosuppression can enhance antitumor immunity, but it also increases the risk of graft rejection. Optimal management of both treatment and immunosuppression remains undefined and requires individualized risk-benefit assessment.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},338446,1790115844,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962075114765,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Cancer Screening and Cancer Treatment in Kidney Transplant Recipients  \nMiguel Bigotte Vieira  , 1,2 Hiroyuki Arai  ,3 Carla Nicolau  , 1 and Naoka Murakami 4,5  \nAbstract  \nAs the population ages and post-transplant survival improves, pretransplant and post-transplant malignancy are becoming increasingly common. In addition, rapid advances in cancer therapies and improving outcomes prompt us to rethink pretransplant cancer-free wait time and screening strategies. Although kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) are at higher risk of developing cancer, epidemiological data on how to best screen and treat cancers in KTRs are incomplete. Thus, current recommendations are still largely on the basis of studies in the general population, and their validity in KTRs is uncertain. Kidney transplant candidates without prior cancer should be evaluated for latent malignancies even in the absence of symptoms. Conversely, individuals with a history of malignancy require thorough monitoring to detect potential recurrences or de novo malignancies. When treating KTRs with cancer, reducing immunosuppression can enhance antitumor immunity, yet this also increases the risk of graft rejection. Optimal treatment and immunosuppression management remains undefined. As the emergence of novel cancer therapies adds complexity to this challenge, individualized risk-benefit assessment is crucial. In this review, we discuss up-to-date data on pretransplant screening and cancer-free wait time, as well as posttransplant cancer screening, prevention strategies, and treatment, including novel therapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies.  \nKidney360 5: 1569–1583, 2024. doi: [https://doi.org/10.34067/KID.0000000000000545](https://doi.org/10.34067/KID.0000000000000545)  \nIntroduction  \nCancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) and patients with ESKD. These patients present a two-to four-fold increased risk of malignancy compared with the age-matched and sex-matched population.1–3 The increase in risk is cancer specific, being higher for Kaposi sarcoma (incidence up to 500 times more frequent) and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC, up to 40 times), as well as for virus-related cancers, such as post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) .1,4 In KTRs, their prognosis is worse than in the general population in all cancer types and management is challenging. The disease course is frequently more aggressive, and therapeutic options are limited because of patients presenting multiple comorbidities and the risk of rejection and graft loss after reduction in immunosuppression.5,6 Preventive measures are paramount. Screening allows early detection of malignancy and might increase the chance of curative treatment in some types of cancer, reducing morbidity and mortality.7 Here, we review available screening guidelines for  \ntransplant candidates and KTR, cancer general management, and new therapies aimed at improving outcomes in KTRs.  \nCancer Screening and Cancer-Free Wait Time for Transplant Candidates  \nAlthough CKD increases malignancy risk, screening uptake is lower than in patients without CKD.8 Candidates without a history of malignancy should be evaluated forasymptomatic malignancies. Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines recommend that kidney transplant candidates undergo routine cancer screening, as per local guidelines for the general population.9 Cancers of the urinary tract system are associated with ESKD. KDIGO recommends ultrasonography in candidates at increased risk for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and suggests cystoscopy in candidates at increased risk of bladder carcinoma.9 Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma in candidates with cirrhosis before transplantation is also recommended.9  \n1Nephrology Department, Hospital Curry Cabral, Unidade Local de Sau´de Sa˜o Jos´e, Lisbon, Portugal 2NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lis","cbCaijWG3fDL3ZJK","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijWG3fDL3ZJK","pdf",375706,15,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Cancer Screening and Cancer-Free Wait Time for Transplant Candidates","[{\"question\":\"Why are cancer screening strategies for kidney transplant candidates not simply based on the general population?\",\"answer\":\"KTRs have a higher and cancer-type-specific risk, and prognosis is generally worse than in the general population. Evidence on the best way to screen and treat cancers in KTRs is incomplete, so current recommendations may not fully apply.\"},{\"question\":\"What should be evaluated for transplant candidates without a prior cancer history?\",\"answer\":\"Candidates without prior malignancy should be evaluated for asymptomatic cancers, following guidelines such as those from KDIGO and local population-based recommendations.\"},{\"question\":\"How can cancer treatment after kidney transplant affect immunosuppression decisions?\",\"answer\":\"Reducing immunosuppression can enhance antitumor immunity, but it also increases the risk of graft rejection. Optimal management of both treatment and immunosuppression remains undefined and requires individualized risk-benefit assessment.\"}]","Cancer Screening and Cancer Treatment in Kidney Transplant Recipients - Review Overview | PDF",1790023660,38]